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Antioxidants in Dentistry: Oxidative Stress and Periodontal Diseases

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Lipid Oxidation in Food and Biological Systems

Abstracts

The oxidative stress (OS) involved in pathologies associated with neurodegenerative and oral disorders has attracted much attention because of the enormous social and financial importance of the diseases. Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease usually initiated by bacterial infection, leading to aberrant host response. When periodontitis occur, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced, mostly by hyperactive neutrophils, and may not be balanced by the host antioxidant defense system causing tissue damage. Over the last years, there has been an enormous concern with the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the oxidative injury associated to inflammatory periodontal diseases. A number of clinical studies have confirmed the association of OS markers and periodontitis, and some others reported that antioxidants may have therapeutic value that complements the common non-surgical treatments of periodontitis. However, large cohort studies are scarce and the role of ROS in periodontitis is still not completely understood in spite of decades of research. In this chapter, we aim to provide a critical, up-to-date, summary of the relationships between periodontal diseases and ROS, describing the diseases, their main features and their possible therapeutic control by antioxidants (AO). Some discussion on the characteristics and sources of the most common ROS and on the effects of diet on periodontal diseases and oxidative stress is also provided.

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  1. Health Department, IES Leixa, A Coruña, Spain

    Sofía Elvira Fernández-Bravo

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  1. Facultad de Química, Dpto Química Física, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain

    Carlos Bravo-Diaz

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Fernández-Bravo, S.E. (2022). Antioxidants in Dentistry: Oxidative Stress and Periodontal Diseases. In: Bravo-Diaz, C. (eds) Lipid Oxidation in Food and Biological Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87222-9_15

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