Abstract
The Indian part of Sundarbans hosts a population of more than 4.4 million people and the land-use-land-cover dynamics of this region has witnessed significant changes in the recent past due to multifarious anthropogenic interventions. Though several pieces of research characterized the land-use-land-cover dynamics of this region, exclusive focus on the ponds of this region is yet to receive any such attention. We selected four administrative blocks of the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR), namely Sagar, Patharpratima, Gosaba, and Hingalganj, and analyzed the present scenario of the ponds along with their size classes and spatial distribution. The present analysis indicated that Sagar, Patharpratima, Gosaba, and Hingalganj comprise around 9000, 20,500, 11,500, and 7700 ponds. On the whole, the number of ponds varied proportionally with the total area of the blocks; however, the total surface area covered by the ponds did not show any significant relationship with the total number of ponds in each of the blocks. Most of the ponds belonged to the size class having an area between 100 m2 and 200 m2. Spatially, the majority of the ponds were situated within 500 m from the river boundary, plausibly indicating the abundance of aquaculture ponds near the river boundary. Besides, a gross scenario of the spatial distribution of the lentic water bodies and their ratio with the other prominent land-use classes were analyzed in this chapter. However, differentiation in terms of the type of ponds, like the household ponds, community ponds, and aquaculture ponds should be carried out in the future to develop a more comprehensive understanding of both spatial as well temporal dynamics of these crucial lentic ecosystems.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Al Sayah MJ, Nedjai R, Abdallah C, Khouri M (2020) On the use of remote sensing to map the proliferation of aquaculture ponds and to investigate their effect on local climate, perspectives from the Claise watershed, France. Environ Monit Assess 192(5):1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08250-0
Ambrosino C, Hufton B, Nyawade BO, Osimbo H, Owiti P (2020) Integrating climate adaptation, poverty reduction, and environmental conservation in Kwale County, Kenya. In: Filho WL et al (eds) African handbook climate change adaptation. Springer BV, pp 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_118-1
Belton B, Padiyar A, Ravibabu G, Rao KG (2017) Boom and Bust in Andhra Pradesh: development and transformation in India’s domestic aquaculture value chain. Aquaculture 470:196–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.12.019
Census (2011) Census data. Government of India
Céréghino R, Boix D, Cauchie HM, Martens K, Oertli B (2014) The ecological role of ponds in a changing world. Hydrobiologia 723(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-013-1719-y
Clavelle T, Lester SE, Gentry R, Froehlich HE (2019) Interactions and management for the future of marine aquaculture and capture fisheries. Fish Fish 20(2):368–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12351
Daly P, Halim A, Hundlani D, Ho E, Mahdi S (2017) Rehabilitating coastal agriculture and aquaculture after inundation events: Spatial analysis of livelihood recovery in post-tsunami Aceh, Indonesia. Ocean Coast Manag 142:218–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.03.027
Das S, Hazra S (2020) Trapped or resettled: coastal communities in the Sundarbans Delta, India. Forced Migr Rev 64:15–17
DasGupta R, Hashimoto S, Okuro T, Basu M (2019) Scenario-based land change modelling in the Indian Sundarban delta: an exploratory analysis of plausible alternative regional futures. Sustain Sci 14(1):221–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-018-0642-6
Dasgupta R, Hashimoto S, Basu M, Okuro T, Johnson BA, Kumar P, Dhyani S (2021) Spatial characterization of non-material values across multiple coastal production landscapes in the Indian Sundarban delta. Sustain Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00899-3
Datta D, Deb S (2012) Analysis of coastal land use/land cover changes in the Indian Sunderbans using remotely sensed data. Geospat Info Sci 15(4):241–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2012.714104
De Marco P, Nogueira DS, Correa CC et al (2014) Patterns in the organization of Cerrado pond biodiversity in Brazilian pasture landscapes. Hydrobiologia 723:87–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-013-1695-2
De D, Das CS (2021) Measuring livelihood sustainability by PCA in Indian Sundarban. Environ Dev Sustain. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01451-8
Deacon C, Samways MJ, Pryke JS (2018) Artificial reservoirs complement natural ponds to improve pondscape resilience in conservation corridors in a biodiversity hotspot. PLoS ONE 13(9):e0204148. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204148
Debnath A (2018) Land use and land cover change detection of Gosaba Island of the Indian Sundarban Region by using multitemporal satellite image. Int J Hum Soc Sci 7(1):209–217
Debrot AO, Veldhuizen A, Van Den Burg SW, Klapwijk CJ, Islam M, Alam M et al (2020) Non-timber forest product livelihood-focused interventions in support of mangrove restoration: a call to action. Forests 11(11):1224. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11111224
District Census Handbook (2011a) North 24 Parganas, West Bengal. Census of India. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal
District Statistical Handbook (2010–11a) North 24 Parganas, West Bengal. Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics, Department of Statistics & Programme Implementation, West Bengal
District Statistical Handbook (2010–11b) South 24 Parganas, West Bengal. Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics, Department of Statistics & Programme Implementation, West Bengal
Downing JA, Prairie YT, Cole JJ, Duarte CM, Tranvik LJ, Striegl RG, McDowell WH, Kortelainen P, Caraco NF, Melack JM, Middelburg JJ (2006) The global abundance and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments. Limnol Oceanogr 51:2388–2397. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.5.2388
Downing JA, Cole JJ, Middelburg JJ, Striegl RG, Duarte CM, Kortelainen P, Prairie YT, Laube KA (2008) Sediment organic carbon burial in agriculturally eutrophic impoundments over the last century. Glob Biogeochem Cyc 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002854
Du Y, Zhang Y, Ling F, Wang Q, Li W, Li X (2016) Water bodies’ mapping from Sentinel-2 imagery with modified normalized difference water index at 10-m spatial resolution produced by sharpening the SWIR band. Remote Sens 8(4):354. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8040354
Duan Y, Li X, Zhang L, Chen D, Ji H (2020a) Mapping national-scale aquaculture ponds based on the Google Earth Engine in the Chinese coastal zone. Aquaculture 520:734666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734666
Duan Y, Li X, Zhang L, Liu W, Chen D, Ji H (2020b) Detecting spatiotemporal changes of large-scale aquaculture ponds regions over 1988–2018 in Jiangsu Province, China using Google Earth Engine. Ocean Coast Manag 188:105144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105144
Dutta U (2019) Socioeconomic condition of shrimp collectors in Sundarbans region, special reference-Hingalganj Block. Int J Res Soc Sci 8(2):662–670
FAO (2016) The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2016. Contributing to food security and nutrition for all. FAO, Rome, Italy, p 200
Fu B, Xu P, Wang Y, Yan K, Chaudhary S (2018) Assessment of the ecosystem services provided by ponds in hilly areas. Sci Total Environ 642:979–987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.138
Ghermandi A, Fichtman E (2015) Cultural ecosystem services of multifunctional constructed treatment wetlands and waste stabilization ponds: time to enter the mainstream? Ecol Eng 84:615–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.09.067
Ghosh P (2015) Conservation and conflicts in the Sundarban biosphere reserve, India. Geogr Rev 105(4):429–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2015.12101.x
Ghosh P, Ghosh A (2019) Is ecotourism a panacea? Political ecology perspectives from the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India. GeoJournal 84(2):345–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-018-9862-7
Ghosh S, Mistri B (2020) Drainage-induced waterlogging problem and its impact on the farming system: a study in Gosaba Island, Sundarban, India. Spat Info Res 28(6):709–721. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41324-020-00328-8
Ghosh S, Mistri B (2021) Assessing coastal vulnerability to environmental hazards of Indian Sundarban delta using multi-criteria decision-making approaches. Ocean Coast Manag 209:105641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105641
Ghosh A, Nanda MK, Sarkar D, Sarkar S, Brahmachari K, Ray K (2019) Application of multi-dated sentinel-2 imageries to assess the cropping system in Gosaba Island of Indian Sundarbans. J Indian Soc Coast Agric Res 37(2):32–44
Gopal B, Chauhan M (2006) Biodiversity and its conservation in the Sundarban Mangrove Ecosystem. Aquat Sci 68:338–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-006-0868-8
Hajra R, Ghosh A, Ghosh T (2017) Comparative assessment of morphological and landuse/landcover change pattern of Sagar, Ghoramara, and Mousani Island of Indian Sundarban Delta Through Remote Sensing. In: Hazra S, Mukhopadhyay A, Ghosh A, Mitra D, Dadhwal V (eds) Environment and earth observation. Springer Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46010-9_11
Hajra R, Ghosh T (2018) Agricultural productivity, household poverty and migration in the Indian Sundarban Delta. Elem Sci Anthr 6:3. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.196
Haldar A, Bhattacharya A (2020) Sustainable energy development and participatory management scenario in the Sundarban: a case study in the Sagar Island, West Bengal, India. In: Sahdev S, Singh R, Kumar M (eds) Geoecology of landscape dynamics. Advances in geographical and environmental sciences. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2097-6_20
Halder S, Samanta K, Das S, Pathak D (2021) Monitoring the inter-decade spatial-temporal dynamics of the Sundarban mangrove forest of India from 1990 to 2019. Reg Stud Mar Sci 44:101718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101718
Hamilton S (2013) Assessing the role of commercial aquaculture in displacing mangrove forests. Bull Mar Sci 89(2):585–601. https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2012.1069
Islam MM, Barman A, Kundu GK, Kabir MA, Paul B (2019) Vulnerability of inland and coastal aquaculture to climate change: evidence from a developing country. Aquac Fish 4(5):183–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaf.2019.02.007
Jayasinghe JMPK, Gamage DGND, Jayasinghe JMHA (2019) Combating climate change impacts for shrimp aquaculture through adaptations: Sri Lankan perspective. In: Sarkar A, Sensarma S, vanLoon G (eds) Sustainable solutions for food security. Springer, Cham, pp 287–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77878-5_15
Lacaux JP, Tourre YM, Vignolles C, Ndione JA, Lafaye M (2007) Classification of ponds from high-spatial resolution remote sensing: Application to Rift Valley Fever epidemics in Senegal. Remote Sens Environ 106(1):66–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.07.012
Lázár AN, Adams H, Adger WN, Nicholls RJ (2020) Modelling household well-being and poverty trajectories: an application to coastal Bangladesh. PLoS ONE 15(9):e0238621. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238621
Liu B, Wang J, Xu M, Wang Z, Zhao L (2020) Evaluation of the comprehensive benefit of various marine exploitation activities in China. Mar Pol 116:103924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103924
Mandal S, Burman D, Sarangi SK, Bandyopadhyay BK, Maji B (2015) Homestead production systems in Sundarbans region of West Bengal, India–Current status and opportunities. CGIAR-CPWF
Marcinko CL, Nicholls RJ, Daw TM, Hazra S, Hutton CW, Hill CT et al (2021) The development of a framework for the integrated assessment of SDG trade-offs in the Sundarban biosphere reserve. Water 13(4):528. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13040528
Mondal I, Thakur S, Ghosh P, De TK, Bandyopadhyay J (2019) Land use/land cover modeling of Sagar Island, India using remote sensing and GIS techniques. In: Abraham A, Dutta P, Mandal J, Bhattacharya A, Dutta S (eds) Emerging technologies in data mining and information security. Advances in intelligent systems and computing, vol 755. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1951-8_69
Moore TL, Hunt WF (2012) Ecosystem service provision by stormwater wetlands and ponds–a means for evaluation? Water Res 46(20):6811–6823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.026
Murray NJ, Phinn SR, DeWitt M, Ferrari R, Johnston R, Lyons MB et al (2019) The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats. Nature 565(7738):222–225. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0805-8
Nath A, Samanta S, Banerjee S, Danda AA, Hazra S (2021) Threat of arsenic contamination, salinity and water pollution in agricultural practices of Sundarban Delta, India, and mitigation strategies. SN Appl Sci 3(5):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04544-1
Neofitou N, Papadimitriou K, Domenikiotis C, Tziantziou L, Panagiotaki P (2019) GIS in environmental monitoring and assessment of fish farming impacts on nutrients of Pagasitikos Gulf, Eastern Mediterranean. Aquaculture 501:62–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.11.005
Onyena AP, Sam K (2020) A review of the threat of oil exploitation to mangrove ecosystem: insights from Niger Delta, Nigeria. Glob Ecol Conserv 22:e00961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00961
Ottinger M, Clauss K, Kuenzer C (2016) Aquaculture: Relevance, distribution, impacts and spatial assessments–a review. Ocean Coastal Manag 119:244–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.10.015
Prasad KA, Ottinger M, Wei C, Leinenkugel P (2019) Assessment of coastal aquaculture for India from Sentinel-1 SAR time series. Remote Sens 11(3):357. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030357
Quinn PF, Hewett JM, Jonzyk J, Glenis V (2007) The PROACTIVE approach to farm integrated runoff management (FIRM) plans. Flood storage on Farms. Newcastle University. http://www.ncl.ac.uk/iq/download/PROACTIVEFloods.doc
Ranjan AK, Vallisree S, Verma SK, Murmu L, Kumar PBS (2017) Spatio-temporal variation in the Indian part of Sundarban Delta over the years 1990–2016 using Geospatial Technology. Int J Geomat Geosci 7(3):275–292
Ren C, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Chen L, Xi Y et al (2019) Rapid expansion of coastal aquaculture ponds in China from Landsat observations during 1984–2016. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinfo 82:101902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2019.101902
Sahana M, Ahmed R, Sajjad H (2016) Analyzing land surface temperature distribution in response to land use/land cover change using split window algorithm and spectral radiance model in Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India. Model Earth Syst Environ 2(2):81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-016-0135-5
Sahana M, Hong H, Ahmed R, Patel PP, Bhakat P, Sajjad H (2019) Assessing coastal island vulnerability in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India, using geospatial technology. Environ Earth Sci 78(10):1–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8293-1
Sahana M, Rehman S, Paul AK, Sajjad H (2021) Assessing socio-economic vulnerability to climate change-induced disasters: evidence from Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India. Geol Ecol Landsc 5(1):40–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/24749508.2019.1700670
Sannigrahi S, Chakraborti S, Joshi PK, Keesstra S, Sen S, Paul SK et al (2019) Ecosystem service value assessment of a natural reserve region for strengthening protection and conservation. J Environ Manag 244:208–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.095
Sannigrahi S, Zhang Q, Pilla F, Joshi PK, Basu B, Keesstra S et al (2020) Responses of ecosystem services to natural and anthropogenic forcings: a spatial regression based assessment in the world’s largest mangrove ecosystem. Sci Total Environ 715:137004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137004
Simaika JP, Samways MJ, Frenzel PP (2016) Artificial ponds increase local dragonfly diversity in a global biodiversity hotspot. Biodivers Conserv 25(10):1921–1935. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1168-9
Sinha R, Das S, Ghosh T (2020) Pollution and its consequences at Ganga Sagar mass bathing in India. Environ Dev Sustain 22(2):1413–1430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-018-0255-3
Sousa E, Quintino V, Palhas J, Rodrigues AM, Teixeira J (2016) Can environmental education actions change public attitudes? An example using the pond habitat and associated biodiversity. PLoS ONE 11(5):e0154440. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154440
Sreelekshmi S, Nandan SB, Kaimal SV, Radhakrishnan CK, Suresh VR (2020) Mangrove species diversity, stand structure and zonation pattern in relation to environmental factors—a case study at Sundarban delta, east coast of India. Reg Stud Mar Sci 35:101111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101111
Steidl J, Kalettka T, Ehlert V, Quast J, Augustin J (2008) Mitigation of pressures on water bodies by nutrient retention from agricultural drainage effluents using purification ponds. In: Proceedings of the 10th international drainage workshop, vol 16. Helsinki University of Technology, pp 187–194
Stewart RI, Andersson GK, Brönmark C, Klatt BK, Hansson LA, Zülsdorff V, Smith HG (2017) Ecosystem services across the aquatic-terrestrial boundary: linking ponds to pollination. Basic Appl Ecol 18:13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2016.09.006
Thakur S, Ghosh A, Hazra S, Ghosh T (2019) Biomass burning and natural vegetation loss as a consequence to government policy: a case study of Satjelia Island, Indian Sundarban Delta. Int J Res Anal Rev 6(1):338–345
Thakur S, Maity D, Mondal I, Basumatary G, Ghosh PB, Das P, De TK (2021) Assessment of changes in land use, land cover, and land surface temperature in the mangrove forest of Sundarbans, northeast coast of India. Environ Dev Sustain 23(2):1917–1943. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00656-7
Tschudi MA, Maslanik JA, Perovich DK (2008) Derivation of melt pond coverage on Arctic sea ice using MODIS observations. Remote Sens Environ 112(5):2605–2614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.12.009
Veettil BK, Quang NX, Trang NTT (2019) Changes in mangrove vegetation, aquaculture and paddy cultivation in the Mekong Delta: a study from Ben Tre Province, southern Vietnam. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 226:106273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106273
Virdis SGP (2014) An object-based image analysis approach for aquaculture ponds precise mapping and monitoring: a case study of Tam Giang-Cau Hai Lagoon, Vietnam. Environ Monit Assess 186(1):117–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3360-7
Wang Q, Cheng L, Liu J, Li Z, Xie S, De Silva SS (2015) Freshwater aquaculture in PR China: trends and prospects. Rev Aquac 7(4):283–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12086
Xu H (2006) Modification of normalised difference water index (NDWI) to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery. Int J Remote Sens 27(14):3025–3033. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160600589179
Xu M, Cui B, Lan S, Li D, Wang Y, Jiang B (2020) Exploring dynamic change of the tidal flat aquaculture area in the Shandong Peninsula (China) using multitemporal landsat imagery (1990–2015). J Coast Res 99(SI):197–202. https://doi.org/10.2112/SI99-028.1
Yao YC, Ren CY, Wang ZM, Wang C, Deng PY (2016) Monitoring of salt ponds and aquaculture ponds in the coastal zone of China in 1985 and 2010. Wetl Sci 14(6):874–882
Yu J, Han Q (2020) Food security of mariculture in China: evolution, future potential, and policy. Mar Pol 115:103892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103892
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ghosh, T., Pramanik, N., Das, S., Chanda, A., Mukhopadhyay, A. (2022). Spatial Distribution of Ponds in the Indian Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve: Special Emphasis on Size-Class. In: Das, S., Chanda, A., Ghosh, T. (eds) Pond Ecosystems of the Indian Sundarbans. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 112. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86786-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86786-7_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-86785-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-86786-7
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)