Abstract
Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is one of the most densely populated cities in Asia, with many people living in slums and squatter settlements. More than 4000 tons of waste is generated in Dhaka city every day among which, only 15% is recycled; 1000 tons remain in the open environment, causing blockage of the sewerage system and drains. Only 40–60% of waste materials generated in Dhaka city is collected, transported, and disposed of to the landfills for treatment. These engineered landfills are poorly supervised and not efficiently operational. A sustainable solution to such pollution problem is associated with the integrated treatment of industrial effluents, landfill leachate, and proper management of waste which would also minimize the urban per capita footprint for resource consumption. This study attempts to integrate multidirectional and sustainable environmental management through converting waste materials to natural resources. In order to practically apply the waste to resource concepts such as composting, composting barrels were installed (at University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka) with several types of biodegradable wastes in variable fractions. Properties of the ultimate product were further analyzed and then applied into two-stage constructed wetland systems consisting of a vertical flow followed by a floating wetland for the removal of landfill leachate contaminants. Common macro-pollutants, i.e. BOD5, COD, Nitrate Nitrogen, Ammonia Nitrogen, and Total Nitrogen were efficiently removed, removal percentage being 83%, 76%, 85%, 97%, and 83%, respectively. Results of this analysis suggest that constructed wetlands could be employed as an alternative natural treatment technology for leachate treatment in landfill sites.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the support from Institute of Energy, Environment, Research and Development (IEERD) at University of Asia Pacific (UAP), for providing the fund to participate in the conference.
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Majed, N., Khan, M.T., Chowdhury, M.A.R., Saeed, T.F. (2022). Toward Environmental Sustainability: Waste Management and Leachate Treatment Through Natural Applications. In: Abdalla, H., Rodrigues, H., Gahlot, V., Salah Uddin, M., Fukuda, T. (eds) Resilient and Responsible Smart Cities. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86499-6_16
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