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International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition

ICDAR 2021: Document Analysis and Recognition – ICDAR 2021 pp 723–738Cite as

Which Parts Determine the Impression of the Font?

Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNIP,volume 12823)

Abstract

Various fonts give different impressions, such as legible, rough, and comic-text. This paper aims to analyze the correlation between the local shapes, or parts, and the impression of fonts. By focusing on local shapes instead of the whole letter shape, we can realize more general analysis independent from letter shapes. The analysis is performed by newly combining SIFT and DeepSets, to extract an arbitrary number of essential parts from a particular font and aggregate them to infer the font impressions by nonlinear regression. Our qualitative and quantitative analyses prove that (1) fonts with similar parts have similar impressions, (2) many impressions, such as legible and rough, largely depend on specific parts, and (3) several impressions are very irrelevant to parts.

Keywords

  • Font shape
  • Impression analysis
  • Part-based analysis

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Notes

  1. 1.

    As noted in [23], it is also possible to use another operation than the summation, such as element-wise max operation.

  2. 2.

    Fonts whose stroke is filled with textures such as “cross-hatching” give a huge number of SIFT descriptors because they have many corners. They inflate the average number of L; in fact, the median of L is 1, 223. In the later histogram-based analysis, we try to reduce the effect of such an extreme case by using the median-based aggregation instead of the average.

  3. 3.

    Recall that the original SIFT vector is a unit vector, i.e., \(\Vert \mathbf {x}^i_l\Vert =1\).

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP17H06100.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Masaya Ueda & Seiichi Uchida

  2. NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Sapporo, Japan

    Akisato Kimura

Authors
  1. Masaya Ueda
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  2. Akisato Kimura
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  3. Seiichi Uchida
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Masaya Ueda .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Josep Lladós

  2. Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA

    Prof. Daniel Lopresti

  3. Kyushu University, Fukuoka-shi, Japan

    Seiichi Uchida

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Ueda, M., Kimura, A., Uchida, S. (2021). Which Parts Determine the Impression of the Font?. In: Lladós, J., Lopresti, D., Uchida, S. (eds) Document Analysis and Recognition – ICDAR 2021. ICDAR 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12823. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86334-0_47

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86334-0_47

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