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‘The Canyonlands Did Have a Heart, a Living Heart:’ Edward Abbey, Glen Canyon, and the Glen Canyon Institute

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Ecological Restoration and the U.S. Nature and Environmental Writing Tradition

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Abstract

On March 21, 1981, during a protest rally at Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River, near Page, Arizona, five Earth First! (EF!) activists cascaded 300 feet of tapered black plastic down the center of the dam’s façade, to symbolize a crack in the dam.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Burns’s surname would be borrowed by Abbey and reassigned to one of his most legendary fictional characters—the renegade cowboy, Jack Burns.

  2. 2.

    Between 1957 and 1958, Abbey joined the Stegner Fellowship program at Stanford, a two-year creative writing fellowship founded by Wallace Stegner. Although the fellowship brought Abbey to California and closer to the Beat Generation’s San Francisco heart, Abbey remained on the periphery (Wendell Berry was a Stegner Fellow the year after Abbey).

  3. 3.

    The novel was later adapted for cinema, released as Lonely Are the Brave in 1962.

  4. 4.

    Abbey first met fellow Glen Canyon activist Katie Lee in 1969 after Lee, who read Desert Solitaire (Abbey 1990b) with her third husband on their honeymoon in the southern Utah canyonlands, mailed Abbey a memento from one of their hikes—an uprooted survey stake and ribbon (with the remainder disposed of over a canyon rim)—and a copy of her album, Folk Songs of the Colorado River (see Lee 2004a, b; Lincoln 2020). The pair would become good friends, and separately two of the sharpest voices advocating the restoration of Glen Canyon and the Colorado River.

  5. 5.

    But in Desert Solitaire, Abbey (1990b) plays with, manipulates timescales—as he does elsewhere in his writings. Much like Thoreau’s A Week or Walden, which both condense their timeframes, Desert Solitaire condenses Abbey’s 1956 and 1957 seasons at Arches into a single ‘season in the wilderness’—and absorbs outliers, such as the 1959 Glen run.

  6. 6.

    It was at Abbey’s encouragement that Lee adapted a draft novel into the memoir All My Rivers are Gone (Lee 1998).

  7. 7.

    Lee (2006) describes her own Compact with the canyons of the Colorado River, a compact of remembrance and finding solace in what remains.

  8. 8.

    An acre-foot corresponds to water covering an acre of land at a depth of one foot—or, 325,851 gallons.

  9. 9.

    GCI telephone interview, February. 6, 2013, GCI online interview, August 14, 2020.

  10. 10.

    GCI telephone interview, February 6, 2013.

  11. 11.

    Another component of the PSWP—the proposed Hooker Dam on the Gila River in New Mexico—jeopardized the Gila National Forest and neighboring Gila Wilderness, part of Aldo Leopold’s conservation legacy (Zakin 1993).

  12. 12.

    YNP online interview, August 3, 2020.

  13. 13.

    GCI telephone interview, February 6, 2013.

  14. 14.

    GCI telephone interview, February 6, 2013, GCI online interview, August 14, 2020.

  15. 15.

    GCI telephone interview, February 6, 2013.

  16. 16.

    GCI telephone interview, February 6, 2013.

  17. 17.

    GCI telephone interview, February 6, 2013.

  18. 18.

    GCI online interview, August 14, 2020.

  19. 19.

    Environmental writer online interview, July 22, 2020.

  20. 20.

    Environmental writer online interview, July 22, 2020.

  21. 21.

    President Clinton signed the proclamation across the border in Arizona, a not-so-subtle overture pointing to the lack of support from the Utah congressional delegation for the new national monument.

  22. 22.

    GSEP online interview, August 5, 2020.

  23. 23.

    Environmental writer online interview, July 22, 2020.

  24. 24.

    Environmental writer online interview, July 22, 2020.

  25. 25.

    Environmental writer online interview, July 22, 2020.

  26. 26.

    THP online interview, July 28, 2020, GSEP online interview, August 5, 2020, GCI online interview, August 14, 2020.

  27. 27.

    Environmental writer online interview, July 22, 2020.

  28. 28.

    THP online interview, July 28, 2020.

  29. 29.

    Environmental writer online interview, July 22, 2020, GSEP online interview, August 5, 2020.

  30. 30.

    The story of Bears Ears National Monument can be traced through Bagley’s cartoons including: ‘Bears Ears Monument’ (April 5, 2016), ‘The Bears Ears Inquisition’ (April 28, 2016), ‘Bad Badger Infestation’ (Jun. 17, 2016), ‘When is a Bishop a Pawn’ (July 13, 2016), ‘Bucket of Deplorables’ (December 16, 2016), ‘Bears Ears National Monument’ (December 28, 2016), ‘This Land Was Our Land’ (January 27, 2017), ‘Utah’s Worst Idea’ (February 18, 2017), ‘Sometimes Bear Gets You’ (February 23, 2017), ‘This Was the Place’ (March 16, 2017), ‘This Land is Trumpland’ (April 28, 2017), ‘Zinke’s Ears’ (May 5, 2017), ‘Bears Ears Bits’ (June 12, 2017), ‘Honey, I Zinkied the Monuments’ (August 24, 2017), ‘Beauty of Bears Ears’ (November 30, 2017), ‘Monumental Scam’ (December 5, 2017), ‘The Lost Tribes’ (December 6, 2017), ‘Bargain Basement Bears Ears’ (December 15, 2017), ‘Whose Land Is This?’ (December 31, 2017), ‘The Never Ending Story’ (January 10, 2018), ‘Image Problem’ (January 26, 2018), ‘GOP Talking Points’ (March 6, 2018), ‘Monumental Bull’ (July 26, 2018), ‘Wilderness Trafficking’ (July 31, 2018), ‘This Land Is Trump’s Land’ (August 19, 2018), ‘Changes in San Juan County’ (January 10, 2019), ‘Colorado River Compact’ (January 22, 2019), ‘Attack on Bears Ears’ (April 24, 2019), at: www.sltrib.com/opinion/bagley (see also Matt Wuerker’s cartoons on the national monument review in Politico, at: www.politico.com/news/matt-wuerker).

  31. 31.

    THP online interview, July 28, 2020.

  32. 32.

    Environmental writer online interview, July 22, 2020.

  33. 33.

    GCI online interview, August 14, 2020.

  34. 34.

    @NatResources. ‘@Patagonia doesn’t want #MonumentsForAll, they just want your money #BearsEars.’ Twitter. Twitter, December. 8, 2017, 20.54. twitter.com/NatResources/status/939236821971734530. @NatResources. ‘Unfortunately, @Patagonia refused to appear publicly to defend their lies. Letter → bit.ly/2IZpBKp.’ Twitter. Twitter, January 5, 2018, 21.52. twitter.com/NatResources/status/949398337521897472.

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  1. Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK

    Laura Smith

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Smith, L. (2022). ‘The Canyonlands Did Have a Heart, a Living Heart:’ Edward Abbey, Glen Canyon, and the Glen Canyon Institute. In: Ecological Restoration and the U.S. Nature and Environmental Writing Tradition. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86148-3_6

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