Abstract
In this Chapter, the scientific approach followed in this book finds its justification: The rational and detailed examination of all properties of a grout, offers now the possibility to follow a practical step-by-step procedure of mix-design, permitting to handle numerous parameters in a logical sequence. Thus, this chapter contains more practical guidelines for the mix-design of grouts used in masonry strengthening. The use of Tables and empirical formulae included in previous Chapters, greatly facilitate the selection of (i) the type of the binders and the final grading of the solids, (ii) the minimum acceptable fluidity factor, depending on the finest discontinuities width class (Wnom), (iii) the zero-bleeding and the critical-bleeding (W/S) expressions (with or without superplasticizers), as a function of the calculated average specific surface SA of the solid phase, and (iv) the limit value W/S against segregation. Subsequently, a practical procedure for the selection of the final (W/S) ratio of the mix is described, respecting all the aforementioned limits. Corresponding remedy-measures are presented in case such a complete respect is not feasible. Moreover, for masonries of minor historical importance and with representative Wnom ≥ 0.25 mm, a Table is offered, containing approximate compositions of grouts for three different required grout strength ranges. Experimental verification of the required grout-performances will be in any case necessary.
New numbering of previous equations is followed in this chapter.
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Notes
- 1.
- 2.
See Footnote 1.
- 3.
See Footnote 1.
- 4.
To this end, a high turbulence colloidal mixer has to be used, since the ultrasound mixing method is not yet generally applied under worksite conditions.
- 5.
It is supposed that always \(f_{m} \ge f_{mp}\) (Sect. 8.2).
- 6.
- 7.
I.e., penetrability, fluidity and stability.
References
Miltiadou-Fezans A, Tassios TP (2011) Practical guidelines for the design of hydraulic grouts and the quality control during their application in historic masonry structures. In: Proceedings of One day Seminar on Restoration Techniques, materials and application problems, Society for Research and Promotion of Scientific Restoration of Monuments (ETEPAM), Thessaloniki, Greece, 10 Nov 2010, pp 51–66 (in Greek)
Miltiadou-Fezans A, Tassios TP (2016) Holistic methodology for the mix design of hydraulic grouts in strengthening historic masonry structures. In: Papagianni I, Stefanidou M, Pachta V (eds) Proceedings of 4th historic mortars conference (HMC2016), 10th–12th Oct 2016, Santorini, Greece, pp 580–587
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Miltiadou-Fezans, A., Tassios, T.P. (2022). Practical Guidelines for the Mix Design of Grouts in Masonry Strengthening. In: Mix-Design and Application of Hydraulic Grouts for Masonry Strengthening. Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85965-7_9
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