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Diplomacy pp 125–139Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Telecommunications

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Abstract

Direct telecommunication between governments is now a very important channel for the conduct of diplomacy, in normal times as well as in crises. This chapter begins by examining the strong appeal of telephone diplomacy, also known as audio teleconferencing, to heads of state and government and senior officials; this endures despite its numerous risks, which the chapter also details. The second half of the chapter deals with video-conferencing, the medium’s advantages and disadvantages once more structuring the analysis. Video-conferencing in diplomacy certainly took off during the pandemic in 2020–2021 but levelled off at a low altitude. To support this conclusion, the chapter notes the anxiety of diplomats in key negotiations to revert to face-to-face talks at the first opportunity.

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Further Reading

  • Ashton-Hart, Nick, ‘Online Meetings Are Transforming International Relations’, Council on Foreign Relations, 13 April 2020 [www].

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  • Baker, Vicky, ‘Presidential phone calls: How do world leaders talk to each other?’, BBC News, 5 December 2016 [www]. Contains examples of other leaders who have fallen for hoax callers.

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  • Berman, Lazar, ‘Biden’s first phone calls show where he’s looking—and it’s not at Israel’, The Times of Israel, 28 January 2021 [www]. A long and perceptive article, with some historical depth.

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  • Boffey, Daniel, ‘Post-Brexit trade talks with EU on course to fail, Johnson warned’, The Guardian, 26 April 2020 [www].

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  • Bramsen, Isabel and Anine Hagemann, ‘The missing sense of peace: diplomatic approachment and virtualization during the COVID-19 lockdown’, International Affairs, vol. 97(2), March 2021 [www]. An important article based on research on virtual mediation efforts in the Syrian and Yemen conflicts.

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  • Callaghan, James, Time and Chance (Collins: London, 1987). See especially pp. 344–6.

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  • Cohen, Raymond, Theatre of Power: The art of diplomatic signalling (Longman: London, 1987). Ch. 5.

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  • Collett, Peter, The Book of Tells: How to read people’s minds from their actions (Transworld: London, 2003). On body language.

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  • Ebner, Noam, ‘Videodiplomacy in the Brexit talks and beyond’, UK in a Changing Europe, 1 June 2020 [www]. Argues that video-conferencing can be used for serious negotiations.

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  • The Guardian, 3 August 2017: Full transcript of Trump’s phone call with Australian prime minister Malcolm Turnbull, 28 January 2017 [www]. First published by The Washington Post.

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  • Heath, Ryan, ‘For global diplomats, Zoom is not like being in the room’, Politico, 17 April 2020 [www].

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  • Holmes, Marcus, Face-to-face diplomacy: social neuroscience and international relations (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 2018).

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  • Isaac, Anna, ‘The US–UK trade talks Joe Biden inherits’, Politico, 14 December 2020 [www].

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  • Naylor, Tristen, ‘All that’s lost: the hollowing of summit diplomacy in a socially distanced world’, Hague Journal of Diplomacy, vol. 15(4), 2020 [www].

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  • Patterson, Jr., Bradley H., The White House Staff: Inside the West Wing and beyond (Brookings: Washington DC, 2000). See pp. 57–9.

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  • Reuters, ‘In Iran talks, France sees progress on nuclear aspects, but time short’, 11 May 2021.

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  • Taylor, Adam, ‘The Biden–Putin relationship is already on the rocks’, The Washington Post, 28 January 2021 [www]. Presents (side-by-side) Kremlin and White House read-outs of the Biden–Putin phone call.

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  • UN Security Council, ‘VTCs and meetings of the Security Council members and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic (March–January 2020–21)’ [www]. An interesting and accessible primary source on the thoughts of Council members on how their working methods would need to change under the impact of the virus.

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Berridge, G.R. (2022). Telecommunications. In: Diplomacy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85931-2_8

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