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Special Missions

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Abstract

Special missions are missions sent abroad to conduct diplomacy with a limited purpose and usually for a limited time. Led by special envoys working under a permissive legal regime, they are a feature of normal diplomatic relationships but are particularly valuable to diplomacy between hostile states. This chapter begins by discussing their general advantages in such circumstances, and then breaks down the analysis via a classification based on their political weight and nature of appointment: high- and low-level unofficial envoys, and high- and low-level official envoys. In the account of official envoys, a special word is said about the employment of intelligence officers in this capacity. The chapter concludes by considering when it is advisable to dispatch special envoys in secret and when in public.

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Further Reading

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  • Borger, J., ‘Two minutes to midnight: did the US miss its chance to stop North Korean nuclear programme?’ The Guardian, 30 March 2018 [www]. A ‘long read’ that provides a detailed and absorbing account of the special mission to North Korea in 1999 led by former US Defense Secretary William Perry.

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  • Borger, J., ‘Mike Pompeo met with Kim Jong-un over Easter, say US officials’, The Guardian, 18 April 2018 [www]. At the time of this secret visit to North Korea, Pompeo was Director of the CIA.

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  • ‘James Clapper on Global Intelligence Challenges’, Meeting with Council on Foreign Relations, 2 March 2015 [www]. Search ‘Pyongyang’ to get to the point in the transcript where Clapper gives his account of his secret mission to the DPRK.

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  • Johnson, Chalmers, ‘The patterns of Japanese relations with China, 1952–1982’, Pacific Affairs, vol. 59(3), Autumn 1986.

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  • MacMillan, Margaret, Seize the Hour: When Nixon met Mao (John Murray: London, 2006). Chs 12, 13.

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  • Young, John W., ‘The Wilson government and the Davies peace mission to North Vietnam’, Review of International Studies, vol. 24(4), October 1998.

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  • Young, John W., Twentieth-Century Diplomacy: A case study of British practice, 19631976 (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 2008). Ch. 5.

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  • Young, John W., ‘The United Kingdom and the negotiation of the 1969 New York Convention on Special Missions’, The International History Review, vol. 36(1), 2014 [www].

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Berridge, G.R. (2022). Special Missions. In: Diplomacy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85931-2_15

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