Skip to main content

Towards Development Platforms for Digital Twins: A Model-Driven Low-Code Approach

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology ((IFIPAICT,volume 630))

Abstract

Digital Twins in smart manufacturing must be highly adaptable for different challenges, environments, and system states. In practice, there is a need for enabling the configuration of Digital Twins by domain experts. Low-code approaches seem to be a meaningful solution for configuration purposes but often lack extension options. We propose a model-driven low-code approach for the configuration and reconfiguration of Digital Twins using language plugins. This approach uses model-driven software engineering and software language engineering methods to derive a configurable digital twin implementation. Moreover, we discuss some remaining challenges such as interoperability, language modularity, evolution, integration of assistive services, collaborative development, and web-based debugging.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Adam, K., Michael, J., Netz, L., Rumpe, B., Varga, S.: Enterprise information systems in academia and practice: lessons learned from a MBSE project. In: 40 Years EMISA: Digital Ecosystems of the Future: Methodology, Techniques and Applications (EMISA 2019). LNI, vol. P-304, pp. 59–66. Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Arcaini, P., Riccobene, E., Scandurra, P.: Modeling and analyzing MAPE-K feedback loops for self-adaptation. In: 2015 IEEE/ACM 10th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-managing Systems, pp. 13–23. IEEE (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bibow, P., et al.: Model-driven development of a digital twin for injection molding. In: Dustdar, S., Yu, E., Salinesi, C., Rieu, D., Pant, V. (eds.) CAiSE 2020. LNCS, vol. 12127, pp. 85–100. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49435-3_6

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Bolender, T., Bürvenich, G., Dalibor, M., Rumpe, B., Wortmann, A.: Self-adaptive manufacturing with digital twins. In: 2021 International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-managing Systems (SEAMS), Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 156–166. IEEE Computer Society, May 2021

    Google Scholar 

  5. Butting, A., Haber, A., Hermerschmidt, L., Kautz, O., Rumpe, B., Wortmann, A.: Systematic language extension mechanisms for the MontiArc architecture description language. In: Anjorin, A., Espinoza, H. (eds.) ECMFA 2017. LNCS, vol. 10376, pp. 53–70. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61482-3_4

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Butting, A., Pfeiffer, J., Rumpe, B., Wortmann, A.: A compositional framework for systematic modeling language reuse. In: 23rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, pp. 35–46. ACM (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cabot, J.: Positioning of the low-code movement within the field of model-driven engineering. In: Guerra, E., Iovino, L. (eds.) MODELS 2020: ACM/IEEE 23rd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, Virtual Event, Canada, 18–23 October 2020, Companion Proceedings, pp. 76:1–76:3. ACM (2020). https://doi.org/10.1145/3417990.3420210

  8. Chen, X., Kang, E., Shiraishi, S., Preciado, V.M., Jiang, Z.: Digital behavioral twins for safe connected cars. In: 21th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, pp. 144–153 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Combemale, B., Barais, O., Wortmann, A.: Language engineering with the GEMOC studio. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ICSAW), pp. 189–191. IEEE (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Dalibor, M., Michael, J., Rumpe, B., Varga, S., Wortmann, A.: Towards a model-driven architecture for interactive digital twin cockpits. In: Dobbie, G., Frank, U., Kappel, G., Liddle, S.W., Mayr, H.C. (eds.) ER 2020. LNCS, vol. 12400, pp. 377–387. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62522-1_28

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Di Rocco, J., Di Ruscio, D., Iovino, L., Pierantonio, A.: Collaborative repositories in model-driven engineering [software technology]. IEEE Softw. 32(3), 28–34 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2015.61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Franzago, M., Di Ruscio, D., Malavolta, I., Muccini, H.: Collaborative model-driven software engineering: a classification framework and a research map. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 44(12), 1146–1175 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2017.2755039

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Gerasimov, A., Michael, J., Netz, L., Rumpe, B., Varga, S.: Continuous transition from model-driven prototype to full-size real-world enterprise information systems. In: 25th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS 2020). AIS Electronic Library (AISeL), Association for Information Systems (AIS) (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gray, J., Rumpe, B.: The evolution of model editors: browser- and cloud-based solutions. Softw. Syst. Model. 15(2), 303–305 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-016-0524-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Hölldobler, K., Michael, J., Ringert, J.O., Rumpe, B., Wortmann, A.: Innovations in model-based software and systems engineering. J. Object Technol. 18(1), 1–60 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Hölldobler, K., Rumpe, B.: MontiCore 5 Language Workbench Edition 2017. Aachener Informatik-Berichte, Software Engineering, Band 32, Shaker Verlag, December 2017

    Google Scholar 

  17. Hölldobler, K., Rumpe, B., Wortmann, A.: Software language engineering in the large: towards composing and deriving languages. Comput. Lang. Syst. Struct. 54, 386–405 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Johanson, A.N., Hasselbring, W.: Hierarchical combination of internal and external domain-specific languages for scientific computing. In: Zdun, U. (ed.) European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ECSAW 2014). pp. 1–8. ACM Press, New York (2014). https://doi.org/10.1145/2642803.2642820

  19. Joordens, M., Jamshidi, M.: On the development of robot fish swarms in virtual reality with digital twins. In: 2018 13th Annual Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE), pp. 411–416. IEEE (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kirchhof, J.C., Michael, J., Rumpe, B., Varga, S., Wortmann, A.: Model-driven digital twin construction: synthesizing the integration of cyber-physical systems with their information systems. In: 23rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, pp. 90–101. ACM (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Knapp, G., Mukherjee, T., Zuback, J., Wei, H., Palmer, T., De, A., DebRoy, T.: Building blocks for a digital twin of additive manufacturing. Acta Materialia 135, 390–399 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Michael, J., Rumpe, B., Varga, S.: Human behavior, goals and model-driven software engineering for assistive systems. In: Koschmider, A., Michael, J., Thalheim, B. (eds.) Enterprise Modeling and Information Systems Architectures (EMSIA 2020), vol. 2628, pp. 11–18. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, June 2020

    Google Scholar 

  23. Pargmann, H., Euhausen, D., Faber, R.: Intelligent big data processing for wind farm monitoring and analysis based on cloud-technologies and digital twins: a quantitative approach. In: 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Big Data Analysis (ICCCBDA), pp. 233–237. IEEE (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Pauker, F., Frühwirth, T., Kittl, B., Kastner, W.: A systematic approach to OPC UA information model design. Procedia CIRP 57, 321–326 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Recio-García, J.A., González-Calero, P.A., Díaz-Agudo, B.: jcolibri2: a framework for building case-based reasoning systems. Sci. Comput. Program. 79, 126–145 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Rodriguez-Echeverria, R., Izquierdo, J.L.C., Wimmer, M., Cabot, J.: Towards a language server protocol infrastructure for graphical modeling. In: 21st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, pp. 370–380 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Sahay, A., Indamutsa, A., Ruscio, D.D., Pierantonio, A.: Supporting the understanding and comparison of low-code development platforms. In: 46th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications, SEAA 2020, Portoroz, Slovenia, 26–28 August 2020, pp. 171–178. IEEE (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA51224.2020.00036

  28. Schuh, G., et al.: Effizientere Produktion mit Digitalen Schatten. ZWF Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 115special), 105–107 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Um, J., Popper, J., Ruskowski, M.: Modular augmented reality platform for smart operator in production environment. In: 2018 IEEE Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS), pp. 720–725. IEEE (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Vathoopan, M., Johny, M., Zoitl, A., Knoll, A.: Modular fault ascription and corrective maintenance using a digital twin. IFAC-PapersOnLine 51(11), 1041–1046 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Verner, I., Cuperman, D., Fang, A., Reitman, M., Romm, T., Balikin, G.: Robot online learning through digital twin experiments: a weightlifting project. In: Auer, M.E., Zutin, D.G. (eds.) Online Engineering & Internet of Things. LNNS, vol. 22, pp. 307–314. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64352-6_29

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  32. Wally, B., et al.: Production planning with IEC 62264 and PDDL. In: 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), vol. 1, pp. 492–499. IEEE (2019)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Judith Michael .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Michael, J., Wortmann, A. (2021). Towards Development Platforms for Digital Twins: A Model-Driven Low-Code Approach. In: Dolgui, A., Bernard, A., Lemoine, D., von Cieminski, G., Romero, D. (eds) Advances in Production Management Systems. Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable and Resilient Production Systems. APMS 2021. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol 630. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85874-2_35

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85874-2_35

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-85873-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-85874-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics