Abstract
Digital Twins in smart manufacturing must be highly adaptable for different challenges, environments, and system states. In practice, there is a need for enabling the configuration of Digital Twins by domain experts. Low-code approaches seem to be a meaningful solution for configuration purposes but often lack extension options. We propose a model-driven low-code approach for the configuration and reconfiguration of Digital Twins using language plugins. This approach uses model-driven software engineering and software language engineering methods to derive a configurable digital twin implementation. Moreover, we discuss some remaining challenges such as interoperability, language modularity, evolution, integration of assistive services, collaborative development, and web-based debugging.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Adam, K., Michael, J., Netz, L., Rumpe, B., Varga, S.: Enterprise information systems in academia and practice: lessons learned from a MBSE project. In: 40 Years EMISA: Digital Ecosystems of the Future: Methodology, Techniques and Applications (EMISA 2019). LNI, vol. P-304, pp. 59–66. Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (2020)
Arcaini, P., Riccobene, E., Scandurra, P.: Modeling and analyzing MAPE-K feedback loops for self-adaptation. In: 2015 IEEE/ACM 10th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-managing Systems, pp. 13–23. IEEE (2015)
Bibow, P., et al.: Model-driven development of a digital twin for injection molding. In: Dustdar, S., Yu, E., Salinesi, C., Rieu, D., Pant, V. (eds.) CAiSE 2020. LNCS, vol. 12127, pp. 85–100. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49435-3_6
Bolender, T., Bürvenich, G., Dalibor, M., Rumpe, B., Wortmann, A.: Self-adaptive manufacturing with digital twins. In: 2021 International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-managing Systems (SEAMS), Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 156–166. IEEE Computer Society, May 2021
Butting, A., Haber, A., Hermerschmidt, L., Kautz, O., Rumpe, B., Wortmann, A.: Systematic language extension mechanisms for the MontiArc architecture description language. In: Anjorin, A., Espinoza, H. (eds.) ECMFA 2017. LNCS, vol. 10376, pp. 53–70. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61482-3_4
Butting, A., Pfeiffer, J., Rumpe, B., Wortmann, A.: A compositional framework for systematic modeling language reuse. In: 23rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, pp. 35–46. ACM (2020)
Cabot, J.: Positioning of the low-code movement within the field of model-driven engineering. In: Guerra, E., Iovino, L. (eds.) MODELS 2020: ACM/IEEE 23rd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, Virtual Event, Canada, 18–23 October 2020, Companion Proceedings, pp. 76:1–76:3. ACM (2020). https://doi.org/10.1145/3417990.3420210
Chen, X., Kang, E., Shiraishi, S., Preciado, V.M., Jiang, Z.: Digital behavioral twins for safe connected cars. In: 21th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, pp. 144–153 (2018)
Combemale, B., Barais, O., Wortmann, A.: Language engineering with the GEMOC studio. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ICSAW), pp. 189–191. IEEE (2017)
Dalibor, M., Michael, J., Rumpe, B., Varga, S., Wortmann, A.: Towards a model-driven architecture for interactive digital twin cockpits. In: Dobbie, G., Frank, U., Kappel, G., Liddle, S.W., Mayr, H.C. (eds.) ER 2020. LNCS, vol. 12400, pp. 377–387. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62522-1_28
Di Rocco, J., Di Ruscio, D., Iovino, L., Pierantonio, A.: Collaborative repositories in model-driven engineering [software technology]. IEEE Softw. 32(3), 28–34 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2015.61
Franzago, M., Di Ruscio, D., Malavolta, I., Muccini, H.: Collaborative model-driven software engineering: a classification framework and a research map. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 44(12), 1146–1175 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2017.2755039
Gerasimov, A., Michael, J., Netz, L., Rumpe, B., Varga, S.: Continuous transition from model-driven prototype to full-size real-world enterprise information systems. In: 25th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS 2020). AIS Electronic Library (AISeL), Association for Information Systems (AIS) (2020)
Gray, J., Rumpe, B.: The evolution of model editors: browser- and cloud-based solutions. Softw. Syst. Model. 15(2), 303–305 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-016-0524-2
Hölldobler, K., Michael, J., Ringert, J.O., Rumpe, B., Wortmann, A.: Innovations in model-based software and systems engineering. J. Object Technol. 18(1), 1–60 (2019)
Hölldobler, K., Rumpe, B.: MontiCore 5 Language Workbench Edition 2017. Aachener Informatik-Berichte, Software Engineering, Band 32, Shaker Verlag, December 2017
Hölldobler, K., Rumpe, B., Wortmann, A.: Software language engineering in the large: towards composing and deriving languages. Comput. Lang. Syst. Struct. 54, 386–405 (2018)
Johanson, A.N., Hasselbring, W.: Hierarchical combination of internal and external domain-specific languages for scientific computing. In: Zdun, U. (ed.) European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ECSAW 2014). pp. 1–8. ACM Press, New York (2014). https://doi.org/10.1145/2642803.2642820
Joordens, M., Jamshidi, M.: On the development of robot fish swarms in virtual reality with digital twins. In: 2018 13th Annual Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE), pp. 411–416. IEEE (2018)
Kirchhof, J.C., Michael, J., Rumpe, B., Varga, S., Wortmann, A.: Model-driven digital twin construction: synthesizing the integration of cyber-physical systems with their information systems. In: 23rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, pp. 90–101. ACM (2020)
Knapp, G., Mukherjee, T., Zuback, J., Wei, H., Palmer, T., De, A., DebRoy, T.: Building blocks for a digital twin of additive manufacturing. Acta Materialia 135, 390–399 (2017)
Michael, J., Rumpe, B., Varga, S.: Human behavior, goals and model-driven software engineering for assistive systems. In: Koschmider, A., Michael, J., Thalheim, B. (eds.) Enterprise Modeling and Information Systems Architectures (EMSIA 2020), vol. 2628, pp. 11–18. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, June 2020
Pargmann, H., Euhausen, D., Faber, R.: Intelligent big data processing for wind farm monitoring and analysis based on cloud-technologies and digital twins: a quantitative approach. In: 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Big Data Analysis (ICCCBDA), pp. 233–237. IEEE (2018)
Pauker, F., Frühwirth, T., Kittl, B., Kastner, W.: A systematic approach to OPC UA information model design. Procedia CIRP 57, 321–326 (2016)
Recio-García, J.A., González-Calero, P.A., Díaz-Agudo, B.: jcolibri2: a framework for building case-based reasoning systems. Sci. Comput. Program. 79, 126–145 (2014)
Rodriguez-Echeverria, R., Izquierdo, J.L.C., Wimmer, M., Cabot, J.: Towards a language server protocol infrastructure for graphical modeling. In: 21st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, pp. 370–380 (2018)
Sahay, A., Indamutsa, A., Ruscio, D.D., Pierantonio, A.: Supporting the understanding and comparison of low-code development platforms. In: 46th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications, SEAA 2020, Portoroz, Slovenia, 26–28 August 2020, pp. 171–178. IEEE (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA51224.2020.00036
Schuh, G., et al.: Effizientere Produktion mit Digitalen Schatten. ZWF Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 115special), 105–107 (2020)
Um, J., Popper, J., Ruskowski, M.: Modular augmented reality platform for smart operator in production environment. In: 2018 IEEE Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS), pp. 720–725. IEEE (2018)
Vathoopan, M., Johny, M., Zoitl, A., Knoll, A.: Modular fault ascription and corrective maintenance using a digital twin. IFAC-PapersOnLine 51(11), 1041–1046 (2018)
Verner, I., Cuperman, D., Fang, A., Reitman, M., Romm, T., Balikin, G.: Robot online learning through digital twin experiments: a weightlifting project. In: Auer, M.E., Zutin, D.G. (eds.) Online Engineering & Internet of Things. LNNS, vol. 22, pp. 307–314. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64352-6_29
Wally, B., et al.: Production planning with IEC 62264 and PDDL. In: 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), vol. 1, pp. 492–499. IEEE (2019)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing
About this paper
Cite this paper
Michael, J., Wortmann, A. (2021). Towards Development Platforms for Digital Twins: A Model-Driven Low-Code Approach. In: Dolgui, A., Bernard, A., Lemoine, D., von Cieminski, G., Romero, D. (eds) Advances in Production Management Systems. Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable and Resilient Production Systems. APMS 2021. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol 630. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85874-2_35
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85874-2_35
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-85873-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-85874-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)