Abstract
Planet Earth was formed around five billion years ago; evolutionary proliferations reach over four billion years. Studies of evolution are made up of different fields of study with alternative perspectives. The current work gives a brief review of these areas, along with modelling techniques applied to date. This chapter demonstrates the mathematic unification of the different fields of study in order to further an engineering-based structure for advancement in our understanding of the pathways which lead to different constructs in life. Computational, biological and chemical studies lead us to propose that there are two main patterns formed in evolution of life – cellular and molecular.
We used a laboratory simulation to clarify the formation of polymers from monomers under dynamic conditions to set a basis for future simulation. Methods discussed are of both a Bayesian and Boolean nature. Application of logistic regression requires partitioning of variance within the systems; after discussing the background required, we made use of application of higher mathematic technique (multi-objective genetic algorithm) to generate variance within the different scales of evolution, the result of which was analogous with the Fisher equation model of gene distribution within populations. The results of the distribution were subjected to least squares polynomial regression in order to reinforce the rational truth of the models formed. Each copula distribution was noted in univariate terms and applied to Sklar’s theorem in order to give a concise description of the pathways as alternative functions. Laboratory simulated data was also subjected to a robust linear regression and the resultant variance plotted. Field and laboratory trials validate the existence of triangular relationships within communities; further harmonic constants between interacting species may be found. Variance in the trials showed sine/cosine contraction and expansion, similar to that seen in mathematical and genetic results covered. Extensive use of copular frameworks, Mamdani and refined Takagi-Sugeno-Kang algorithms and additional novel DANCE (differential algorithmic network centred emergence), application of robotic techniques and functional expressions are recommended as primary constructs covering different categories of life in passive and active terms pending their interaction.
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Acknowledgements
Special thanks go to David Deamer and Bruce Damer for their contributions towards experimental studies of monomer formation, polymer formation and further evolutionary processes. Thanks also must go to numerous field workers, theoretical biologists and mathematicians who helped inspire this work.
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Furze, J.N., Mayad, E.H. (2022). Generators, Harmonics and Evolutionary Emergence. In: Furze, J.N., Eslamian, S., Raafat, S.M., Swing, K. (eds) Earth Systems Protection and Sustainability. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85829-2_1
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