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Nutritional Regulation of Embryonic Survival, Growth, and Development

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Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition and Metabolism

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1354))

Abstract

Maternal nutritional status affects conceptus development and, therefore, embryonic survival, growth, and development. These effects are apparent very early in pregnancy, which is when most embryonic losses occur. Maternal nutritional status has been shown to affect conceptus growth and gene expression throughout the periconceptual period of pregnancy (the period immediately before and after conception). Thus, the periconceptual period may be an important “window” during which the structure and function of the fetus and the placenta are “programmed” by stressors such as maternal malnutrition, which can have long-term consequences for the health and well-being of the offspring, a concept often referred to as Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) or simply developmental programming. In this review, we focus on recent studies, using primarily animal models, to examine the effects of various maternal “stressors,” but especially maternal malnutrition and Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART, including in vitro fertilization, cloning, and embryo transfer), during the periconceptual period of pregnancy on conceptus survival, growth, and development. We also examine the underlying mechanisms that have been uncovered in these recent studies, such as effects on the development of both the placenta and fetal organs. We conclude with our view of future research directions in this critical area of investigation.

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Abbreviations

ART:

Assisted Reproductive Techniques

DOHaD:

Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

ET:

Embryo Transfer

IVP:

In Vitro Embryo Production

IVF:

In Vitro Fertilization

mTOR:

Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin

NCDs:

Non-communicable Diseases

PI3K:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase

PPAR:

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge the support for our studies described in this paper, including the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture; the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, both of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Purina Animal Nutrition LLC; the North Dakota State Board of Agricultural Research and Education; and the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA

    Lawrence P. Reynolds, Kyle J. McLean, Kacie L. McCarthy, Wellison J. S. Diniz, Ana Clara B. Menezes, Pawel P. Borowicz, Alison K. Ward, Carl R. Dahlen & Joel S. Caton

  2. Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA

    Lawrence P. Reynolds, Wellison J. S. Diniz, Ana Clara B. Menezes, Pawel P. Borowicz, Alison K. Ward, Carl R. Dahlen & Joel S. Caton

  3. Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA

    Kyle J. McLean

  4. Department of Animal Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA

    Kacie L. McCarthy

  5. Purina Animal Nutrition LLC, Gray Summit, MO, 63039, USA

    J. Chris Forcherio & Ronald R. Scott

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  1. Lawrence P. Reynolds
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Correspondence to Lawrence P. Reynolds .

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  1. Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    Guoyao Wu

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Reynolds, L.P. et al. (2022). Nutritional Regulation of Embryonic Survival, Growth, and Development. In: Wu, G. (eds) Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition and Metabolism. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1354. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85686-1_4

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