Abstract
Studies indicate that the way structured participatory design activities are facilitated significantly effects participation, power relations, and generated output. Although facilitation is always adapted to the conditions of each design project, the way facilitation is enacted primarily depends on the individual facilitator. It is assumed that enactment on an individual level is influenced by how the facilitator conceptualizes both user involvement and their own role. To address these issues, semi-structured interviews were conducted with three facilitators in the same development unit of a large-scale health IT project. The primary focuses were the individual facilitator’s perspectives on the design process, their role, and their practice in the project. An in-depth qualitative content analysis of the transcribed interviews showed that the three facilitators held highly divergent perspectives on the facilitation of participatory design activities. Similarities were found between the facilitators’ perspectives and how user involvement is understood in different system development traditions. Based on the findings, a reflective approach towards facilitation is proposed along with examples of possible co-reflection activities among facilitators.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ISO 9241–210: Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems. International Organization for Standardization (2019)
Bjerknes, G., Bratteteig, T.: User participation and democracy: a discussion of Scandinavian research on systems development. Scand. J. Inf. Syst. 7, 73–98 (1995)
Dahl, Y., Linander, H., Hanssen, G.K.: Co-designing interactive tabletop solutions for active patient involvement in audiological consultations. In: Proceedings of the 8th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Fun, Fast, Foundational, pp. 207–216. Association for Computing Machinery, Helsinki, Finland (2014)
Svanæs, D., Seland, G.: Putting the users center stage: role playing and low-fi prototyping enable end users to design mobile systems. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 479–486. ACM, Vienna, Austria (2004)
Lindsay, S., Brittain, K., Jackson, D., Ladha, C., Ladha, K., Olivier, P.: Empathy, participatory design and people with dementia. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 521–530 (2012)
Sahib, N.G., Stockman, T., Tombros, A., Metatla, O.: Participatory design with blind users: a scenario-based approach. In: Kotzé, P., Marsden, G., Lindgaard, G., Wesson, J., Winckler, M. (eds.) INTERACT 2013. LNCS, vol. 8117, pp. 685–701. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40483-2_48
Cumbo, B.J., Eriksson, E., Iversen, O.S.: The “Least-Adult” role in participatory design with children. In: Proceedings of the 31st Australian Conference on Human-Computer-Interaction, pp. 73–84. Association for Computing Machinery, Fremantle, WA, Australia (2019)
Light, A., Akama, Y.: The human touch: participatory practice and the role of facilitation in designing with communities. In: Proceedings of the 12th Participatory Design Conference: Research Papers, vol. 1, pp. 61–70 (2012)
Dahl, Y., Svanæs, D.: Facilitating democracy: concerns from participatory design with asymmetric stakeholder relations in health care. In: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13. Association for Computing Machinery (2020)
Luck, R.: Learning to talk to users in participatory design situations. Des. Stud. 28, 217–242 (2007)
Schön, D.A.: The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. Basic books (1984)
Dalsgaard, P., Eriksson, E.: Large-scale participation: a case study of a participatory approach to developing a new public library. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 399–408. Association for Computing Machinery (2013)
Pilemalm, S., Timpka, T.: Third generation participatory design in health informatics—making user participation applicable to large-scale information system projects. J. Biomed. Inform. 41, 327–339 (2008)
Simonsen, J., Hertzum, M.: Participative design and the challenges of large-scale systems: extending the iterative PD approach. In: Proceedings of the Tenth Anniversary Conference on Participatory Design 2008, pp. 1–10. Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (2008)
Bødker, S., Kyng, M.: Participatory design that matters—facing the big issues. ACM Trans. Comput. Hum. Interact. (TOCHI) 25, 1–31 (2018)
Robertson, T., Simonsen, J.: Participatory design: an introduction. In: Robertson, T., Simonsen, J. (eds.) Routledge International Handbook of Participatory Design. Routledge, London (2013)
Bratteteig, T., Wagner, I.: Unpacking the notion of participation in participatory design. Comput. Support. Cooper. Work (CSCW) 25, 425–475 (2016)
Bengtsson, M.: How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. NursingPlus Open 2, 8–14 (2016)
Wright, P., McCarthy, J.: Empathy and experience in HCI. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 637–646. Association for Computing Machinery, Florence, Italy (2008)
Postma, C., Zwartkruis-Pelgrim, E., Daemen, E., Du, J.: Challenges of doing empathic design: experiences from industry (2012)
Hinds, C.: The case against a positivist philosophy of requirements engineering. Require. Eng. 13, 315–328 (2008)
Beck, K., et al.: Manifesto for agile software development (2001)
Tripp, T.R., Rich, P.J.: The influence of video analysis on the process of teacher change. Teach. Teach. Educ. 28, 728–739 (2012)
Forbes, H., et al.: Use of videos to support teaching and learning of clinical skills in nursing education: a review. Nurse Educ. Today 42, 53–56 (2016)
Acknowledgements
This study was conducted as part of the KonPas and PlatVel projects. Our special thanks go to the interview respondents for sharing their time, commitment, and viewpoints.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zahlsen, Ø.K., Svanæs, D., Dahl, Y. (2021). Facilitating User Involvement in a Large IT Project: A Comparison of Facilitators’ Perspectives on Process, Role and Personal Practice. In: Ardito, C., et al. Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2021. INTERACT 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12933. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85616-8_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85616-8_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-85615-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-85616-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)
