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IFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction

INTERACT 2021: Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2021 pp 405–429Cite as

Should I Add Recommendations to My Warning System? The RCRAFT Framework Can Answer This and Other Questions About Supporting the Assessment of Automation Designs

Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNISA,volume 12935)

Abstract

Automation is widespread in interactive applications, promising multiple benefits to users, including enhancing comfort, safety, security and entertainment. Implicitly or explicitly, automation is now a critical design option for interactive application designers. Unfortunately, despite its long use (especially in safety-critical systems) assessing the benefits and the drawbacks of design alternatives including automation remains a craft activity, unsupported by conceptual frameworks or tools. In order to address this problem, we present the RCRAFT framework. The framework considers five attributes of automation: Resources, Control Transitions, Responsibility, Authority, and System Functions and User Tasks. We show how these attributes support the assessment of designs involving automation. Furthermore, adding the RCRAFT concepts to task models makes it possible to evaluate automation properties such as transparency, congruence and controllability in addition to usability. We demonstrate the utility of our approach in a case study, comparing the design for an existing Flight Warning System currently deployed in Airbus A350 against a redesigned version which incorporates functionality to provide recommendations to pilots handling unusual situations. We demonstrate that the RCRAFT framework helps in highlighting the implications of different design alternatives by making the impact of proposed changes on both users’ work and the required properties of automated components explicit.

Keywords

  • Automation
  • Aircraft cockpits
  • Properties
  • Tasks

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Acknowledgement

The authors are deeply indebted with the shepherd of INTERACT 2021 program committee who suggested and made significant improvements in the preparation of the final version of this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICS-IRIT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France

    Elodie Bouzekri, Célia Martinie & Philippe Palanque

  2. University of York, York, UK

    Katrina Atwood

  3. Airbus Operations SAS, Blagnac, France

    Christine Gris

Authors
  1. Elodie Bouzekri
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  2. Célia Martinie
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  3. Philippe Palanque
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  4. Katrina Atwood
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  5. Christine Gris
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Philippe Palanque .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy

    Carmelo Ardito

  2. Computer Science Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

    Rosa Lanzilotti

  3. Computer Science Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Alessio Malizia

  4. Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, UK

    Helen Petrie

  5. Computer Science Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

    Antonio Piccinno

  6. Computer Science Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

    Dr. Giuseppe Desolda

  7. Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA

    Kori Inkpen

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Bouzekri, E., Martinie, C., Palanque, P., Atwood, K., Gris, C. (2021). Should I Add Recommendations to My Warning System? The RCRAFT Framework Can Answer This and Other Questions About Supporting the Assessment of Automation Designs. In: , et al. Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2021. INTERACT 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12935. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85610-6_24

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