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Sewage Sludge and Its Health Risk Assessment: Opportunities and Challenges

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Sustainable Management and Utilization of Sewage Sludge

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Abstract

Sewage sludge in colossal quantity is produced due to the rapidly increasing human population and development. Among the options for sewage sludge disposal, its application in the soil for better crop yield is the best option. There are pros and cons in using of sewage sludge for agriculture use. Mention may be made that sewage sludge comprises organic pollutants, heavy metals, and pathogens besides others. Sewage sludge poses a risk to human health because it associates with many pathogens that are harmful to humans such as Salmonella species, Giardia lamblia, Rotavirus, Ascarislumbricoides etc. The workers working in the sewage treatment plant are vulnerable to many infectious diseases due to direct exposure to untreated wastewater. The farmers who apply sludges in their fields and the people who work in the sewage treatment plant are frequently exposed to infectious diseases owing to their contact with sewage sludge directly for a more extended period. Application of sewage sludge suppresses many pathogens like Verticillium, Sclerotium, Fusarium, Pythiumetc. The use of sewage sludge in the soil has an antagonistic impact on the pathogen, and thus it acts as an agent to control pathogens. A conclusion may be drawn that sewage sludge can provide nutrients to plants and suppresses many pathogens without causing any risk to human health if it gets proper treatment before its use.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Agricultural University, Imphal, India

    L. Devarishi Sharma

  2. College of Agriculture, Imphal, Manipur, India

    Indira Sarangthem

  3. College of Horticulture, Thenzawl, Mizoram, India

    Rojeet Thangjam

  4. Multi-Technology Testing and Vocational Training Centre, Selesih, Mizoram, India

    Rahul Sadhukhan

  5. All India Coordinated Research Project (MSPE)-Imphal Centre, Imphal, Manipur, India

    Nivedita Oinam

  6. Agricultural Technology Management Agency, Imphal East, Manipur, India

    Birjeet Yanglem

  7. ARYA Project, KVK, Hengbung, Senapati, Manipur, India

    Laikhuram Banarjee

  8. Department of Agricultural Chemistry & Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences & Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema, Nagaland, India

    Hrangbung Jurist Anal

  9. Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan, India

    Hanuman Singh Jatav

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

    Vishnu D. Rajput

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Sirmour, India

    Ajar Nath Yadav

  3. Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, India

    Hanuman Singh Jatav

  4. Department Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

    Satish Kumar Singh

  5. Department of Soil Science, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

    Tatiana Minkina

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Sharma, L.D. et al. (2022). Sewage Sludge and Its Health Risk Assessment: Opportunities and Challenges. In: Rajput, V.D., Yadav, A.N., Jatav, H.S., Singh, S.K., Minkina, T. (eds) Sustainable Management and Utilization of Sewage Sludge. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85226-9_10

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