Abstract
Bottom-up control means species populations control energy flow through ecosystems as species respond to feedback by increasing or decreasing energy flow through their populations. Due to their response, energy flow through ecosystems changes. This changes energy flow back to species, so species must readjust to the continually changing flow of energy. Feedback occurs simultaneously and reciprocally between species and ecosystems.
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Jordan, C.F. (2022). Ecosystem Control: A Bottom-Up View. In: Evolution from a Thermodynamic Perspective. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85186-6_6
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