Abstract
In Costa Rica there are three management systems for coffee production: The oldest is traditional shade grown coffee used by small landholders, where yield is sacrificed for low maintenance and high sustainability. Control of the system is bottom-up, that is endosomatic by the species in the system; Sun grown coffee is favored by corporations. Control is top-down, that is exosomatic by the chemicals applied to the system. There is a tradeoff in sustainability for high yield; Organic coffee combines sustainability with economic yield through feedback. Control is both top-down and bottom-up.
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Jordan, C.F. (2022). Top-Down Vs. Bottom-Up Control in Resource Management Systems. In: Evolution from a Thermodynamic Perspective. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85186-6_22
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85186-6_22
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