Abstract
Panarchy theory says that all systems including political, economic, social and ecological go through a four-stage cycle of growth, consolidation, collapse, and reorganization. The cycle is driven by sub-systems exerting bottom-up control while adapting to top-down control resulting from thermodynamic laws and principles.
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Jordan, C.F. (2022). Panarchy. In: Evolution from a Thermodynamic Perspective. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85186-6_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85186-6_11
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