Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

COVID-19 and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Coronavirus Therapeutics – Volume II

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1353))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ACE2:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

aPTT:

Activated partial thromboplastin time

ARDS:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

AT:

Antithrombin

CRRT:

Continuous renal replacement therapy

COVID-19:

Coronavirus disease 2019

DIC:

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

DFPP:

Double filtration plasmapheresis

ECLS:

Extracorporeal life support

ECMO:

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Euro-ELSO:

European Extracorporeal Life Support Organization

FDP:

Fibrin degradation products

GAGs:

Glycosaminoglycans

ICU:

Intensive care unit

MECC:

Minimal extracorporeal circuit

MERS:

Middle East respiratory syndrome

SARS-CoV-2:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

TPE:

Therapeutic plasma exchange

UFH:

Unfractionated heparin

VTE:

Venous thromboembolism

References

  • Abrams D, Baldwin MR, Champion M, Agerstrand C, Eisenberger A, Bacchetta M, Brodie D (2016) Thrombocytopenia and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adults with acute respiratory failure: a cohort study. Intensive Care Med 42:844–852

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Abrams D, Fan E, Ferguson ND, Brodie D (2018) Unproven and expensive may still be justifiable. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 198:140

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abrams D, Ferguson ND, Brochard L, Fan E, Mercat A, Combes A, Pellegrino V, Schmidt M, Slutsky AS, Brodie D (2019) ECMO for ARDS: from salvage to standard of care? Lancet Respir Med 7:108–110

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adrian K, Mellgren K, Skogby M, Friberg LG, Mellgren G, Wadenvik H (1998) Cytokine release during long-term extracorporeal circulation in an experimental model. Artif Organs 22(10):859–863

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Angus DC, van der Poll T (2013) Severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 369:840–851

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Annich GM, Lynch WR, MacLaren G, Wilson JM, Bartlet RH (2013) ECMO: extracorporeal cardiopulmonary support in critical care (The “Red Book”). ELSO

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnold P, Jackson S, Wallis J, Smith J, Bolton D, Haynes S (2001) Coagulation factor activity during neonatal extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation. Intensive Care Med 27:1395–1400

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baghai M, Tamura N, Beyersdorf F, Henze M, Prucker O, Ruhe J, Goto S, Zieger B, Heilmann C (2014) Platelet repellent properties of hydrogel coatings on polyurethane-coated glass surfaces. ASAIO J 60:587–593

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balle CM, Jeppesen AN, Christensen S, Hvas AM (2018) Platelet function during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult patients: a systematic review. Front Cardiovasc Med 5:157

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Barrasa H, Rello J, Tejada S, Martín A, Balziskueta G, Vinuesa C, Fernández-Miret B, Villagra A, Vallejo A, San Sebastián A, Cabañes S, Iribarren S, Fonseca F, Maynar J (2020) SARS-CoV-2 in Spanish intensive care units: early experience with 15-day survival in Vitoria. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med

    Google Scholar 

  • Barstad RM, ØVrum E, Ringdal M-AL, ØYstese R, Hamers MJAG, Veiby OP, Rolfsen T, Stephens RW, Sakariassen KS (1996) Induction of monocyte tissue factor procoagulant activity during coronary artery bypass surgery is reduced with heparin-coated extracorporeal circuit. Br J Haematol 94(3):517–525

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett RH, Ogino MT, Brodie D, McMullan DM, Lorusso R, MacLaren G et al (2020) Initial ELSO guidance document: ECMO for COVID-19 patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure. ASAIO J Artificial Organ Research and Development 9000;Online First

    Google Scholar 

  • Behrens K, Alexander WS (2018) Cytokine control of megakaryopoiesis. Growth Factors 36:89–103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bein T, Weber-Carstens S, Goldmann A, Müller T, Staudinger T, Brederlau J et al (2013) Lower tidal volume strategy (≈3 ml/kg) combined with extracorporeal CO2 removal versus 'conventional' protective ventilation (6 ml/kg) in severe ARDS: the prospective randomized Xtravent-study. Intensive Care Med 39:847–856

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bembea MM, Schwartz JM, Shah N, Colantuoni E, Lehmann CU, Kickler T, Pronovost P, Strouse JJ (2013) Anticoagulation monitoring during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. ASAIO J 59:63–68

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF, LaRosa SP, Dhainaut JF, Lopez-Rodriguez A, Steingrub JS, Garber GE, Helterbrand JD, Ely EW, Fisher CJ Jr (2001) Recombinant human protein CWEiSSsg. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein c for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 344:699–709

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Besser MW, Klein AA (2010) The coagulopathy of cardiopulmonary bypass. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 47:197–212

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beyls C, Huette P, Abou-Arab O, Berna P, Mahjoub Y (2020) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for COVID-19-associated Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and risk of thrombosis. Br J Anaeth

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyle AJ, Sklar MC, McNamee JJ et al (2018) Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal for lowering the risk of mechanical ventilation: research questions and clinical potential for the future. Lancet Respir Med 6:874–884

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Broman LM, Prahl Wittberg L, Westlund CJ, Gilbers M, Perry da Camara L, Swol J, Taccone FS, Malfertheiner MV, Di Nardo M, Vercaemst L, Barrett NA, Pappalardo F, Belohlavek J, Muller T, Belliato M, Lorusso R (2019a) Pressure and flow properties of cannulae for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation i: return (arterial) cannulae. Perfusion 34:58–64

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Broman LM, Prahl Wittberg L, Westlund CJ, Gilbers M, Perry da Camara L, Westin J, Taccone FS, Malfertheiner MV, Di Nardo M, Swol J, Vercaemst L, Barrett NA, Pappalardo F, Belohlavek J, Muller T, Belliato M, Lorusso R (2019b) Pressure and flow properties of cannulae for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ii: drainage (venous) cannulae. Perfusion 34:65–73

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brunetta Gavranic B, Basic-Jukic N, Premuzic V, Kes P (2017) Membrane therapeutic plasma exchange with and without heparin anticoagulation. J Clin Apher 32:479–485

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Calabro MG, Febres D, Recca G, Lembo R, Fominskiy E, Scandroglio AM, Zangrillo A, Pappalardo F (2019) Blood purification with cytosorb in critically ill patients: single-center preliminary experience. Artif Organs 43:189–194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, Lin M, Wei L, Xie L, Zhu G, Dela Cruz CS, Sharma L (2020) Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus infections involving 13 patients outside Wuhan, China. JAMA

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen G, Wu D, Guo W, Cao Y, Huang D, Wang H, Wang T, Zhang X, Chen H, Yu H, Zhang X, Zhang M, Wu S, Song J, Chen T, Han M, Li S, Luo X, Zhao J, Ning Q (2020) Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019. J Clin Invest. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI137244

  • Cheung PY, Sawicki G, Salas E, Etches PC, Schulz R, Radomski MW (2000) The mechanisms of platelet dysfunction during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically ill neonates. Crit Care Med 28:2584–2590

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Choi JH, Luc JGY, Weber MP, Reddy HG, Maynes EJ, Deb AK, Samuels LE, Morris RJ, Massey HT, Loforte A, Tchantchaleishvili V (2019) Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia during extracorporeal life support: incidence, management and outcomes. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 8(1):19–31

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chousterman BG, Swirski FK, Weber GF (2017) Cytokine storm and sepsis disease pathogenesis. Semin Immunopathol 39:517–528

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected. https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected. Last accessed 11 Apr

  • Combes A, Hajage D, Capellier G, Demoule A, Lavoué S, Guervilly C et al (2018) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 378:1965–1975

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Combes A, Hajage D, Capellier G, Demoule A, Lavoué S, Guervilly C, Da Silva D, Zafrani L, Tirot P, Veber B, Maury E, Levy B, Cohen Y, Richard C, Kalfon P, Bouadma L, Mehdaoui H, Bedneau G, Lebreton G, Brochard L, Ferguson ND, Fan E, Slutsky AS, Brodie D, Mercat A (2020) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med

    Google Scholar 

  • Cugno M, Nussberger J, Biglioli P, Giovagnoni MG, Gardinali M, Agostoni A (1999) Cardiopulmonary bypass increases plasma bradykinin concentrations. Immunopharmacology 43(2–3):145–147

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Da Q, Teruya M, Guchhait P, Teruya J, Olson JS, Cruz MA (2015) Free hemoglobin increases von Willebrand factor-mediated platelet adhesion in vitro: implications for circulatory devices. Blood 126:2338–2341

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Datzmann T, Trager K (2018) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and cytokine adsorption. J Thorac Dis 10:S653–S660

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dehority W (2020) Infectious disease outbreaks, pandemics, and hollywood—hope and fear across a century of cinema. JAMA

    Google Scholar 

  • DePuydt LE, Schuit KE, Smith SD (1993) Effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on neutrophil function in neonates. Crit Care Med 21(9):1324–1327

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dery O, Corvera CU, Steinhoff M, Bunnett NW (1998) Proteinase-activated receptors: novel mechanisms of signaling by serine proteases. Am J Phys 274:C1429–C1452

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doyle AJ, Hunt BJ (2018) Current understanding of how extracorporeal membrane oxygenators activate haemostasis and other blood components. Front Med (Lausanne) 5:352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunkelberger JR, Song W-C (2009) Complement and its role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Cell Res 20(1):34–50

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ELSO. Full COVID-19 registry dashboard – COVID-19 cases on ECMO in the ELSO Registry 2020. Available from: https://www.elso.org/Registry/FullCOVID19RegistryDashboard.aspx

  • ELSO. ECMO Availability Center Map 2020 Available from: https://www.elso.org/Membership/CenterMap.aspx

  • Esper SA, Levy JH, Waters JH, Welsby IJ (2014) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the adult: a review of anticoagulation monitoring and transfusion. Anesth Analg 118:731–743

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • EuroELSO Survey on ECMO Use in Adult COVID-19 patients in Europe 2020. Available from: https://www.euroelso.net/covid-19/covid-19-survey/

  • Falkenhagen D, Strobl W, Vogt G, Schrefl A, Linsberger I, Gerner FJ, Schoenhofen M (1999) Fractionated plasma separation and adsorption system: a novel system for blood purification to remove albumin bound substances. Artif Organs 23:81–86

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Falkenhagen D, Strobl W, Hartmann J, Schrefl A, Linsberger I, Kellner KH, Aussenegg F, Leitner A (2002) Patient safety technology for microadsorbent systems in extracorporeal blood purification. Artif Organs 26:84–90

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fan E, Del Sorbo L, Goligher EC et al (2017) An official American Thoracic Society/European Society of Intensive Care Medicine/Society of Critical Care Medicine clinical practice guideline: mechanical ventilation in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 195:1253–1263

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez-Patron C, Martinez-Cuesta MA, Salas E, Sawicki G, Wozniak M, Radomski MW, Davidge ST (1999) Differential regulation of platelet aggregation by matrix metalloproteinases-9 and -2. Thromb Haemost 82:1730–1735

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fina D, Matteucci M, Jiritano F, Meani P, Lo Coco V, Kowalewski M, Maessen J, Guazzi M, Ballotta A, Ranucci M, Lorusso R (2020) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation without therapeutic anticoagulation in adults: a systematic review of the current literature. Int J Artif Organs 391398820904372

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisser C, Reichenbacher C, Muller T, Schneckenpointner R, Malfertheiner MV, Philipp A, Foltan M, Lunz D, Zeman F, Lubnow M (2019) Incidence and risk factors for cannula-related venous thrombosis after venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult patients with acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 47:e332–e339

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fortenberry JD, Bhardwaj V, Niemer P, Cornish JD, Wright JA, Bland L (1996) Neutrophil and cytokine activation with neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Pediatr 128:670–678

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Francischetti IMB, Szymanski J, Rodriguez D, Heo M, Wolgast LR (2017) Laboratory and clinical predictors of 30-day survival for patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo): 8-year experience at albert einstein college of medicine, montefiore medical center. J Crit Care 40:136–144

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs G, Berg N, Broman LM, Prahl WL (2018) Flow-induced platelet activation in components of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit. Sci Rep 8(1):13985

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gemmell CH, Ramirez SM, Yeo EL, Sefton MV (1995) Platelet activation in whole blood by artificial surfaces: identification of platelet-derived microparticles and activated platelet binding to leukocytes as material-induced activation events. J Lab Clin Med 125:276–287

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gianluigi L, Bassi JS, Fraser J, in collaboration with ELSO, ISARIC, SPRINTSARI (2020) ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for 2019 novel Coronavirus Acute Respiratory Disease (ECMOCARD). Available from: www.ecmocard.org

  • Glick D, Dzierba AL, Abrams D, Muir J, Eisenberger A, Diuguid D, Abel E, Agerstrand C, Bacchetta M, Brodie D (2015) Clinically suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Crit Care 30:1190–1194

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Graulich J, Walzog B, Marcinkowski M, Bauer K, Kossel H, Fuhrmann G, Buhrer C, Gaehtgens P, Versmold HT (2000) Leukocyte and endothelial activation in a laboratory model of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Pediatr Res 48(5):679–684

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, Liu L, Shan H, Lei CL, Hui DSC, Du B, Li LJ, Zeng G, Yuen KY, Chen RC, Tang CL, Wang T, Chen PY, Xiang J, Li SY, Wang JL, Liang ZJ, Peng YX, Wei L, Liu Y, Hu YH, Peng P, Wang JM, Liu JY, Chen Z, Li G, Zheng ZJ, Qiu SQ, Luo J, Ye CJ, Zhu SY, Zhong NS, China Medical Treatment Expert Group for C (2020) Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med

    Google Scholar 

  • Han H, Yang L, Liu R, Liu F, Wu KL, Li J, Liu XH, Zhu CL (2020) Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Chem Lab Med. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2020-0188. [Epub ahead of print]

  • Haneya A, Philipp A, Diez C, Ried M, Puehler T, Camboni D, Zausig Y, Lehle K, Schmid C (2009) Comparison of two different minimized extracorporeal circulation systems: hematological effects after coronary surgery. ASAIO J 55(6):592–597

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haye G, Fourdrain A, Abou-Arab O, Berna P, Mahjoub Y (2020) COVID-19 outbreak in France: setup and activities of a mobile extracorporeal membrane oxygenation team during the first 3 weeks. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth

    Google Scholar 

  • Heilmann C, Geisen U, Beyersdorf F, Nakamura L, Benk C, Trummer G, Berchtold-Herz M, Schlensak C, Zieger B (2012) Acquired von willebrand syndrome in patients with extracorporeal life support (ecls). Intensive Care Med 38:62–68

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hein E, Munthe-Fog L, Thiara AS, Fiane AE, Mollnes TE, Garred P (2015) Heparin- coated cardiopulmonary bypass circuits selectively deplete the pattern recognition molecule ficolin-2 of the lectin complement pathway in vivo. Clin Exp Immunol 179(2):294–299

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Helms J, Tacquard C, Severac F, Leonard-Lorant I, Ohana M, Delabranche X, Merdji H, Clere-Jehl R, Schenck M, Gandet FF, Fafi-Kremer S, Castelain V, Schneider F, Grunebaum L, Anglés-Cano E, Sattler L, Mertes PM, Meziani F (2020) High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Intensive Care Med

    Google Scholar 

  • Henry BM (2020) Covid-19, ecmo, and lymphopenia: a word of caution. Lancet Respir Med 8:e24

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Henry BM, Lippi G (2020) Poor survival with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): pooled analysis of early reports. J Crit Care

    Google Scholar 

  • Hocker JR, Wellhausen SR, Ward RA, Simpson PM, Cook LN (1991) Effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on leukocyte function in neonates. Artif Organs 15(1):23–28

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hong TH, Kuo SW, Hu FC, Ko WJ, Hsu LM, Huang SC, Yang YW, Yu SL, Chen YS (2014) Do interleukin-10 and superoxide ions predict outcomes of cardiac extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients? Antioxid Redox Signal 20(1):60–68

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hopman J, Allegranzi B, Mehtar S (2020) Managing covid-19 in low- and middle-income countries. JAMA

    Google Scholar 

  • https://www.who.int/csr/don/12-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-china/en. Last accessed 3 Apr 2020

  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395:497–506

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Huette P, Beyls C, Guilbart M, Coquet A, Berna P, Haye G, Roger PA, Besserve P, Bernasinski M, Dupont H, Abou-Arab O, Mahjoub Y (2020) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients: outcome and time-course of clinical and biological parameters. Can J Anaesth

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs JP, Stammers AH, St Louis J, Hayanga JWA, Firstenberg MS, Mongero LB, Tesdahl EA, Rajagopal K, Cheema FH, Coley T, Badhwar V, Sestokas AK, Slepian MJ (2020) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the treatment of severe pulmonary and cardiac compromise in COVID-19: experience with 32 patients. ASAIO J

    Google Scholar 

  • Jialiang S, Juanhong S, Qiyi C, Wenkui Y, Changsheng H, Yimin H, Juanjuan Z, Tao G, Fengchan X, Jieshou L (2014) In-line hemofiltration minimized extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-related inflammation in a porcine model. Perfusion 29(6):526–533

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson K, Choi Y, DeGroot E, Samuels I, Creasey A, Aarden L (1998) Potential mechanisms for a proinflammatory vascular cytokine response to coagulation activation. J Immunol 160:5130–5135

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jung HY, Lim JH, Kang SH, Kim SG, Lee YH, Lee J, Chang HH, Kim SW, Choi JY, Cho JH, Kim CK, Kim YL, Park SH (2020) Outcomes of COVID-19 among patients on in-center hemodialysis: an experience from the epicenter in South Korea. J Clin Med

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalbhenn J, Wittau N, Schmutz A, Zieger B, Schmidt R (2015a) Identification of acquired coagulation disorders and effects of target-controlled coagulation factor substitution on the incidence and severity of spontaneous intracranial bleeding during veno-venous ecmo therapy. Perfusion 30:675–682

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kalbhenn J, Schmidt R, Nakamura L, Schelling J, Rosenfelder S, Zieger B (2015b) Early diagnosis of acquired von willebrand syndrome (avws) is elementary for clinical practice in patients treated with ecmo therapy. J Atheroscler Thromb 22:265–271

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplanski G, Fabrigoule M, Boulay V, Dinarello CA, Bongrand P, Kaplanski S, Farnarier C (1997) Thrombin induces endothelial type ii activation in vitro: Il-1 and tnf-alpha-independent il-8 secretion and e-selectin expression. J Immunol 158:5435–5441

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kappelmayer J, Bernabei A, Edmunds LH, Edgington TS, Colman RW (1993) Tissue factor is expressed on monocytes during simulated extracorporeal circulation. Circ Res 72(5):1075–1081

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kato H, Shimizu H, Shibue Y, Hosoda T, Iwabuchi K, Nagamine K, Saito H, Sawada R, Oishi T, Tsukihi J, Fujita H, Furuya R, Masuda M, Akasaka O, Ikeda Y, Sakamoto M, Sakai K, Uchiyama M, Watanabe H, Yamaguchi N, Higa R, Sasaki A, Tanaka K, Toyoda Y, Hamanaka S, Miyazawa N, Shimizu A, Fukase F, Iwai S, Komase Y, Kawasaki T, Nagata I, Kakayama Y, Takei T, Kimura K, Kunisaki R, Kudo M, Takeuchi I, Nakajima H (2020) Clinical course of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in individuals present during the outbreak on the diamond princess cruise ship. J Infect Chemother

    Google Scholar 

  • Keith P, Day M, Perkins L, Moyer L, Hewitt K, Wells A (2020) A novel treatment approach to the novel coronavirus: an argument for the use of therapeutic plasma exchange for fulminant covid-19. Crit Care 24:128

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ki KK, Passmore MR, Chan CHH, Malfertheiner MV, Bouquet M, Cho HJ, Suen JY, Fraser JF (2019) Effect of ex vivo extracorporeal membrane oxygenation flow dynamics on immune response. Perfusion 34:5–14

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kiaii B, Fox S, Swinamer SA, Rayman R, Higgins J, Cleland A, Fernandes P, MacDonald J, Dobkowski WB, Stitt LW, Novick RJ, Singh B, Bureau Y, Summers K (2012) The early inflammatory response in a mini-cardiopulmonary bypass system: a prospective randomized study. Innovations (Phila) 7:23–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ko JH, Park GE, Lee JY, Lee JY, Cho SY, Ha YE, Kang CI, Kang JM, Kim YJ, Huh HJ, Ki CS, Jeong BH, Park J, Chung CR, Chung DR, Song JH, Peck KR (2016) Predictive factors for pneumonia development and progression to respiratory failure in mers-cov infected patients. J Infect 73:468–475

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Koning NJ, Vonk AB, Vink H, Boer C (2016) Side-by-side alterations in glycocalyx thickness and perfused microvascular density during acute microcirculatory alterations in cardiac surgery. Microcirculation 23:69–74

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kotani N, Hashimoto H, Sessler DI, Muraoka M, Wang JS, O'Connor MF, Matsuki A (2000) Neutrophil number and interleukin-8 and elastase concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid correlate with decreased arterial oxygenation after cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg 90:1046–1051

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kowalewski M, Fina D, Slomka A, Raffa GM, Martucci G, Lo Coco V, De Piero ME, Ranucci M, Suwalski P, Lorusso R (2020) Covid-19 and ecmo: the interplay between coagulation and inflammation-a narrative review. Crit Care 24:205

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kruttgen A, Rose-John S (2012) Interleukin-6 in sepsis and capillary leakage syndrome. J Interf Cytokine Res 32:60–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lahmer T, Messer M, Schnappauf C, Rasch S, Fekecs L, Beitz A, Eser S, Schmid RM, Huber W (2017) Impact of therapeutic plasma exchange on hemodynamic parameters in medical intensive care unit patients: an observational study. Artif Organs 41:204–209

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levi M, Meijers JC (2011) Dic: which laboratory tests are most useful. Blood Rev 25:33–37

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levy JH, Tanaka KA (2003) Inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 75:S715–S720

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levy JH, Sniecinski RM, Welsby IJ, Levi M (2016) Antithrombin: anti-inflammatory properties and clinical applications. Thromb Haemost 115:712–728

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li T, Qiu Z, Zhang L, Han Y, He W, Liu Z, Ma X, Fan H, Lu W, Xie J, Wang H, Deng G, Wang A (2004) Significant changes of peripheral t lymphocyte subsets in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. J Infect Dis 189:648–651

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li M, Gu SC, Wu XJ, Xia JG, Zhang Y, Zhan QY (2020a) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in 2019 novel coronavirus disease: indications, timing, and implementation. Chin Med J

    Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Guo Z, Li B, Zhang X, Tian R, Wu W, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Chen N, Clifford SP, Huang J (2020b) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for coronavirus disease 2019 in Shanghai, China. ASAIO J

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindholm L, Westerberg M, Bengtsson A, Ekroth R, Jensen E, Jeppsson A (2004) A closed perfusion system with heparin coating and centrifugal pump improves cardiopulmonary bypass biocompatibility in elderly patients. Ann Thorac Surg 78(6):2131–2138. discussion 2138

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Linneweber J, Dohmen PM, Kertzscher U, Affeld K, Nose Y, Konertz W (2007) The effect of surface roughness on activation of the coagulation system and platelet adhesion in rotary blood pumps. Artif Organs 31:345–351

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lippi G, Plebani M, Henry BM (2020) Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) infections: a meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 506:145–148

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Li S, Liu J, Liang B, Wang X, Wang H et al (2020a) Longitudinal characteristics of lymphocyte responses and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.16.20023671

  • Liu J, Liu Y, Xiang P, Pu L, Xiong H, Li C et al (2020b) Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts severe illness patients with 2019 novel coronavirus in the early stage. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.10.20021584

  • Lou S, MacLaren G, Best D, Delzoppo C, Butt W (2014) Hemolysis in pediatric patients receiving centrifugal-pump extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes. Crit Care Med 42:1213–1220

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ludvigsson JF (2020) Systematic review of covid-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults. Acta Paediatr

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo P, Liu Y, Qiu L, Liu X, Liu D, Li J (2020) Tocilizumab treatment in covid-19: a single center experience. J Med Virol

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma J, Xia P, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Zhou X, Wang J, Li T, Yan X, Chen L, Zhang S, Qin Y, Li X (2020) Potential effect of blood purification therapy in reducing cytokine storm as a late complication of critically ill covid-19. Clin Immunol 214:108408

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • MacLaren G, Fisher D, Brodie D (2020) Preparing for the most critically ill patients with COVID-19: the potential role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Am Med Assoc

    Google Scholar 

  • Malfertheiner MV, Philipp A, Lubnow M, Zeman F, Enger TB, Bein T, Lunz D, Schmid C, Muller T, Lehle K (2016) Hemostatic changes during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing three different extracorporeal membrane oxygenation systems. Crit Care Med 44:747–754

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malfertheiner MV, Pimenta LP, Bahr VV, Millar JE, Obonyo NG, Suen JY, Pellegrino V, Fraser JF (2017) Acquired von Willebrand syndrome in respiratory extracorporeal life support: a systematic review of the literature. Crit Care Resusc 19:45–52

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marullo AG, Cavarretta E, Biondi-Zoccai G, Mancone M, Peruzzi M, Piscioneri F, Sartini P, Versaci F, Morelli A, Miraldi F, Frati G (2020) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for critically ill patients with coronavirus-associated disease 2019: an updated perspective of the european experience. Minerva Cardioangiol

    Google Scholar 

  • Maugeri N, Brambilla M, Camera M, Carbone A, Tremoli E, Donati MB, De Gaetano G, Cerletti C (2006) Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes produce and express functional tissue factor upon stimulation1. J Thromb Haemost 4(6):1323–1330

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McIlwain RB, Timpa JG, Kurundkar AR, Holt DW, Kelly DR, Hartman YE, Neel ML, Karnatak RK, Schelonka RL, Anantharamaiah GM, Killingsworth CR, Maheshwari A (2010) Plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines rise rapidly during ecmo-related sirs due to the release of preformed stores in the intestine. Lab Investig 90:128–139

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ (2020) Hlh across speciality collaboration UK. Covid-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet 395:1033–1034

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Melhuish TM, Vlok R, Thang C, Askew J, White L (2020) Outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for patients with COVID-19: a pooled analysis of 331 cases. Am J Emerg Med

    Google Scholar 

  • Millar JE, Fanning JP, McDonald CI, McAuley DF, Fraser JF (2016) The inflammatory response to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo): a review of the pathophysiology. Crit Care 20:387

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan IS, Codispoti M, Sanger K, Mankad PS (1998) Superiority of centrifugal pump over roller pump in paediatric cardiac surgery: prospective randomised trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 13(5):526–532

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan EN, Pohlman TH, Vocelka C, Farr A, Lindley G, Chandler W, Griscavage-Ennis JM, Verrier ED (2003) Nuclear factor kappab mediates a procoagulant response in monocytes during extracorporeal circulation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 125:165–171

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morrisette MJ, Zomp-Wiebe A, Bidwell KL, Dunn SP, Gelvin MG, Money DT, Palkimas S (2020) Antithrombin supplementation in adult patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Perfusion 35:66–72

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Okochi S, Cheung EW, Barton S, Zenilman A, Shakoor A, Street C, Streltsova S, Chan C, Brewer MP, Middlesworth W (2018) An analysis of risk factors for hemolysis in children on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Pediatr Crit Care Med 19:1059–1066

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver WC (2009) Anticoagulation and coagulation management for ecmo. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 13:154–175

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Osho AA, Moonsamy P, Hibbert KA, Shelton KT, Trahanas JM, Attia RQ, Bloom JP, Onwugbufor MT, D’Alessandro DA, Vallavicencio MA, Sundt TM, Crowley JC, Raz Y, Funamoto M (2020) Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients: early experience from a major academic medical center in North America. Ann Surg

    Google Scholar 

  • Oude Lansink-Hartgring A, de Vries AJ, Droogh JM, van den Bergh WM (2019) Hemorrhagic complications during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation – the role of anticoagulation and platelets. J Crit Care 54:239–243

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Panigada M, Artoni A, Passamonti SM, Maino A, Mietto C, L'Acqua C, Cressoni M, Boscolo M, Tripodi A, Bucciarelli P, Gattinoni L, Martinelli I (2016) Hemostasis changes during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory support in adults. Minerva Anestesiol 82:170–179

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perkins GD, Nathani N, McAuley DF, Gao F, Thickett DR (2007) In vitro and in vivo effects of salbutamol on neutrophil function in acute lung injury. Thorax 62:36–42

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfensig C, Dominik A, Borufka L, Hinz M, Stange J, Eggert M (2016) A new application for albumin dialysis in extracorporeal organ support: characterization of a putative interaction between human albumin and proinflammatory cytokines il-6 and tnfalpha. Artif Organs 40:397–402

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Piacente C, Martucci G, Miceli V, Pavone G, Papeo A, Occhipinti G, Panarello G, Lorusso R, Tanaka K, Arcadipane A (2020) A narrative review of antithrombin use during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adults: rationale, current use, effects on anticoagulation, and outcomes. Perfusion 267659120913803

    Google Scholar 

  • Pieri M, Turla OG, Calabro MG, Ruggeri L, Agracheva N, Zangrillo A, Pappalardo F (2013) A new phosphorylcholine-coated polymethylpentene oxygenator for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a preliminary experience. Perfusion 28:132–137

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Plotz FB, van Oeveren W, Bartlett RH, Wildevuur CR (1993) Blood activation during neonatal extracorporeal life support. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 105:823–832

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash S, Wiersema UF, Bihari S, Roxby D (2016) Discordance between ROTEM(R) clotting time and conventional tests during unfractionated heparin-based anticoagulation in intensive care patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Anaesth Intensive Care 44(1):85–92

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prekker ME, Brunsvold ME, Bohman JK, Fischer G, Gram KL, Litell JM, Saavedra-Romero R, Hick JL (2020) Regional planning for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation allocation during coronavirus disease 2019. Chest

    Google Scholar 

  • Prescott SM, Zimmerman GA, McIntyre TM (1984) Human endothelial cells in culture produce platelet-activating factor (1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine) when stimulated with thrombin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81(11):3534–3538

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Qian Y, Xie H, Tian R, Lu J, Jin W, Wang R (2017) [Clinical significance of early immunological paralysis in patients with severe H1N1 influenza A]. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 29:581–585

    Google Scholar 

  • Qu R, Ling Y, Zhang YH, Wei LY, Chen X, Li XM, Liu XY, Liu HM, Guo Z, Ren H, Wang Q (2020) Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease-19. J Med Virol

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramanathan K, Antognini D, Combes A, Paden M, Zakhary B, Ogino M, MacLaren G, Brodie D, Shekar K (2020) Planning and provision of ECMO services for severe ARDS during the COVID-19 pandemic and other outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases. Lancet Respir Med:pii: S2213-2600(20)30121-1

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranucci M, Baryshnikova E, Isgro G, Carlucci C, Cotza M, Carboni G, Ballotta A (2014) Heparin-like effect in postcardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients. Crit Care 18:504

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rimmer E, Houston BL, Kumar A, Abou-Setta AM, Friesen C, Marshall JC, Rock G, Turgeon AF, Cook DJ, Houston DS, Zarychanski R (2014) The efficacy and safety of plasma exchange in patients with sepsis and septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 18:699

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rodell TC, Naidoo Y, Bhoola KD (2012) Role of kinins in inflammatory responses. Clin Immunotherapeutics 3(5):352–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rozencwajg S, Guihot A, Franchineau G, Lescroat M, Bréchot N, Hékimian G et al (2019) Ultra-protective ventilation reduces biotrauma in patients on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 47:1505–1512

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, Jiang L, Song J (2020) Clinical predictors of mortality due to covid-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Med

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin R (2020) Testing an old therapy against a new disease: convalescent plasma for covid-19. JAMA

    Google Scholar 

  • Savasi VM, Parisi F, Patanè L, Ferrazzi E, Frigerio L, Pellegrino A, Spinillo A, Tateo S, Ottoboni M, Veronese P, Petraglia F, Vergani P, Facchinetti F, Spazzini D, Cetin I (2020) Clinical findings and disease severity in hospitalized pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Obstet Gynecol

    Google Scholar 

  • Seethala R, Keller SP (2020) Ecmo resource planning in the setting of pandemic respiratory illness. Ann Am Thorac Soc

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen C, Wang Z, Zhao F, Yang Y, Li J, Yuan J, Wang F, Li D, Yang M, Xing L, Wei J, Xiao H, Yang Y, Qu J, Qing L, Chen L, Xu Z, Peng L, Li Y, Zheng H, Chen F, Huang K, Jiang Y, Liu D, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Liu L (2020) Treatment of 5 critically ill patients with covid-19 with convalescent plasma. JAMA

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi J, Chen Q, Yu W, Shen J, Gong J, He C, Hu Y, Zhang J, Gao T, Xi F, Li J (2014) Continuous renal replacement therapy reduces the systemic and pulmonary inflammation induced by venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a porcine model. Artif Organs 38:215–223

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simoni J (2019) Why do we need extracorporeal blood purification for sepsis and septic shock? Artif Organs 43:444–447

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sugama Y, Tiruppathi C, Offakidevi K, Andersen TT, Fenton JW 2nd, Malik AB (1992) Thrombin-induced expression of endothelial p-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1: A mechanism for stabilizing neutrophil adhesion. J Cell Biol 119:935–944

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sultan S, Habertheuer A, Usman AA, Kilic A, Gnall E, Friscia ME, Zubkus D, Hirose H, Sanchez P, Okusanya O, Szeto WY, Gutsche J (2020) The role of extracorporeal life support for patients with COVID-19: preliminary results from a statewide experience. J Card Surg

    Google Scholar 

  • Szotowski B, Antoniak S, Poller W, Schultheiss H-P, Rauch U (2005) Procoagulant soluble tissue factor is released from endothelial cells in response to inflammatory cytokines. Circ Res 96(12):1233–1239

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tan L, Wang Q, Zhang D, Ding J, Huang Q, Tang YQ, Wang Q, Miao H (2020) Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of covid-19: a descriptive and predictive study. Signal Transduct Target Ther 5:33

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka KA, Bharadwaj S, Hasan S, Judd M, Abuelkasem E, Henderson RA, Chow JH, Williams B, Mazzeffi MA, Crimmins SD, Malinow AM (2019) Elevated fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and factor viii confer resistance to dilutional coagulopathy and activated protein c in normal pregnant women. Br J Anaesth 122:751–759

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tang N, Bai H, Chen X, Gong J, Li D, Sun Z (2020a) Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. J Thromb Haemost

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang X, Du R, Wang R, Cao T, Guan L, Yang C, Zhu Q, Hu M, Li X, Li Y, Liang L, Tong Z, Sun B, Peng P, Shi H (2020b) Comparison of hospitalized patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by covid-19 and H1N1. Chest

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z (2020c) Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost 18(4):844–847

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Thachil J, Tang N, Gando S, Falanga A, Cattaneo M, Levi M, Clark C, Iba T (2020) ISTH interim guidance on recognition and management of coagulopathy in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. (ahead of print)

    Google Scholar 

  • Trager K, Schutz C, Fischer G, Schroder J, Skrabal C, Liebold A, Reinelt H (2016) Cytokine reduction in the setting of an ards-associated inflammatory response with multiple organ failure. Case Rep Crit Care 2016:9852073

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • United States Center for Disease Control interim guidance for clinical management of COVID-19 patients with and without acute respiratory distress syndrome. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html. Last accessed 11 Apr

  • Vallhonrat H, Swinford RD, Ingelfinger JR, Williams WW, Ryan DP, Tolkoff-Rubin N, Cosimi AB, Pascual M (1999) Rapid activation of the alternative pathway of complement by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. ASAIO J 45:113–114

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van der Poll T, Opal SM (2008) Host-pathogen interactions in sepsis. Lancet Infect Dis 8:32–43

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vervoort D, Luc JGY, Percy E, Hirji S, Lee R Assessing the collateral damage of the novel coronavirus: a call to action for the post-COVID-19 era. Ann Thorac Surg

    Google Scholar 

  • von Bahr V, Millar JE, Malfertheiner MV, Ki KK, Passmore MR, Bartnikowski N, Redd MA, Cavaye M, Suen JY, McAuley DF, Fraser JF (2019) Mesenchymal stem cells may ameliorate inflammation in an ex vivo model of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Perfusion 34:15–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vu TK, Hung DT, Wheaton VI, Coughlin SR (1991) Molecular cloning of a functional thrombin receptor reveals a novel proteolytic mechanism of receptor activation. Cell 64:1057–1068

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wachtfogel YT, Hack CE, Nuijens JH, Kettner C, Reilly TM, Knabb RM, Bischoff R, Tschesche H, Wenzel H, Kucich U et al (1995) Selective kallikrein inhibitors alter human neutrophil elastase release during extracorporeal circulation. Am J Phys 268:H1352–H1357

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang X, Peng Z (2020) Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. J Am Med Assoc

    Google Scholar 

  • Warren OJ, Smith AJ, Alexiou C, Rogers PL, Jawad N, Vincent C, Darzi AW, Athanasiou T (2009) The inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass: part 1--mechanisms of pathogenesis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 23:223–231

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weingart C, Lubnow M, Philipp A, Bein T, Camboni D, Müller T (2015) Comparison of coagulation parameters, anticoagulation, and need for transfusion in patients on interventional lung assist or veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Artif Organs 39(9):765–773

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wendel HP, Scheule AM, Eckstein FS, Ziemer G (1999) Haemocompatibility of paediatric membrane oxygenators with heparin-coated surfaces. Perfusion 14:21–28

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilm J, Philipp A, Muller T, Bredthauer A, Gleich O, Schmid C, Lehle K (2018) Leukocyte adhesion as an indicator of oxygenator thrombosis during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy? ASAIO J 64:24–30

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, Huang H, Zhang L, Zhou X, Du C, Zhang Y, Song J, Wang S, Chao Y, Yang Z, Xu J, Zhou X, Chen D, Xiong W, Xu L, Zhou F, Jiang J, Bai C, Zheng J, Song Y (2020) Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu XW, Wu XX, Jiang XG, Xu KJ, Ying LJ, Ma CL, Li SB, Wang HY, Zhang S, Gao HN, Sheng JF, Cai HL, Qiu YQ, Li LJ (2020) Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (sars-cov-2) outside of wuhan, china: Retrospective case series. BMJ 368:m606

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, Wu Y, Zhang L, Yu Z, Fang M, Yu T, Wang Y, Pan S, Zou X, Yuan S, Shang Y (2020a) Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with sars-cov-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang X, Cai S, Luo Y, Zhu F, Hu M, Zhao Y, Zheng R, Li X, Hu B, Peng Z (2020b) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for coronavirus disease 2019-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multicenter descriptive study. Crit Care Med

    Google Scholar 

  • Yimin H, Wenkui Y, Jialiang S, Qiyi C, Juanhong S, Zhiliang L, Changsheng H, Ning L, Jieshou L (2013) Effects of continuous renal replacement therapy on renal inflammatory cytokines during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a porcine model. J Cardiothorac Surg 8:113

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yin S, Huang M, Li D, Tang N (2020) Difference of coagulation features between severe pneumonia induced by sars-cov2 and non-sars-cov2. J Thromb Thrombolysis

    Google Scholar 

  • Yost G, Bhat G, Pappas P, Tatooles A (2018) The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Perfusion 33:562–567

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yu Y, Xu D, Zhang J, Yang X, Xu L, Xu J, Wu Y, Huang C, Ouyang Y, Yang L, Fang M, Xiao H, Ma J, Zhu W, Hu S, Hu Q, Ding D, Hu M, Zhu G, Xu W, Guo J, Xu J, Yuan H, Zhang B, Yu Z, Chen D, Yuan S, Shang Y (2020) Patients with COVID-19 in 19 ICUs in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional study. Crit Care

    Google Scholar 

  • Zangrillo A, Beretta L, Scandroglio AM, Monti G, Fominskiy E, Colombo S, Morselli F, Belletti A, Silvani P, Crivellari M, Monaco F, Azzolini ML, Reineke R, Nardelli P, Sartorelli M, Votta CD, Ruggeri A, Ciceri F, De Cobelli F, Tresoldi M, Dagna L, Rovere-Querini P, Neto AS, Bellomo R, Landoni G (2020) Characteristics, treatment, outcomes, and cause of death of invasively ventilated patients with COVID-19 ARDS in Milan, Italy. Crit Care Resusc

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeng Y, Cai Z, Xianyu Y, Yang BX, Song T, Yan Q (2020) Prognosis when using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill COVID-19 patients in China: a retrospective case series. Crit Care

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang C, Wu Z, Li JW, Zhao H, Wang GQ (2020a) The cytokine release syndrome (crs) of severe covid-19 and interleukin-6 receptor (il-6r) antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce the mortality. Int J Antimicrob Agents 105954

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang B, Zhou X, Zhu C, Feng F, Qiu Y, Feng J et al (2020b) Immune phenotyping based on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and IgG predicts disease severity and outcome for patients with COVID-19. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.12.20035048

  • Zheng Y, Sun LJ, Xu M, Pan J, Zhang YT, Fang XL, Fang Q, Cai HL (2020) Zhejiang Univ Sci B

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou G, Chen S, Chen Z (2020a) Back to the spring of Wuhan: facts and hope of covid-19 outbreak. Front Med

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xiang J, Wang Y, Song B, Gu X, Guan L, Wei Y, Li H, Wu X, Xu J, Tu S, Zhang Y, Chen H, Cao B (2020b) Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with covid-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 395:1054–1062

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zochios V, Brodie D, Parhar KK (2020) Towards precision delivery of ECMO in COVID-19 cardiorespiratory failure. ASAIO J 9000;Online First

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

None.

Funding

None.

Disclosure of Interests

All authors declare they have no conflict of interest.

This chapter does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.

This chapter does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy

    Gennaro Martucci

  2. Department of Pathophysiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland

    Artur Słomka & Ewa Żekanowska

  3. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Steven Eric Lebowitz

  4. Cardiac Surgery Unit, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy

    Giuseppe Maria Raffa

  5. Wessex Cardiothoracic Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK

    Pietro Giorgio Malvindi

  6. Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Department, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands

    Valeria Lo Coco, Roberto Lorusso & Mariusz Kowalewski

  7. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany

    Justyna Swol

  8. Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands

    Roberto Lorusso

  9. Satellite Campus in Warsaw, University of Humanities and Economics in Łódź, Warsaw, Poland

    Waldemar Wierzba

  10. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland

    Piotr Suwalski & Mariusz Kowalewski

  11. Thoracic Research Centre, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Innovative Medical Forum, Bydgoszcz, Poland

    Mariusz Kowalewski

Authors
  1. Gennaro Martucci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Artur Słomka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Steven Eric Lebowitz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Giuseppe Maria Raffa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Pietro Giorgio Malvindi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Valeria Lo Coco
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Justyna Swol
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Ewa Żekanowska
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Roberto Lorusso
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Waldemar Wierzba
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Piotr Suwalski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Mariusz Kowalewski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Consortia

on behalf of Thoracic Research Centre

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. President & CEO, NampEVA BioTherapeutics LLC, Dover, DE, USA

    Alexzander A. A. Asea

  2. Department of Medicine and Precision Therapeutics Proteogenomics Diagnostic Center Eleanor N. Dana Cancer Center, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA

    Punit Kaur

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Martucci, G. et al. (2021). COVID-19 and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. In: Asea, A.A.A., Kaur, P. (eds) Coronavirus Therapeutics – Volume II. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1353. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85113-2_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation