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Oxygen Delivery Systems and Nasally Ventilated Patients

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Essentials of Aerosol Therapy in Critically ill Patients

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Abstract

Oxygen is the most common drug to be used which remarkably saves patient lives. However, its inappropriate use can expose the patients to great harm. Oxygen delivery devices are generally classified into low, intermediate, and high flow devices. The major problems associated with the use of low or intermediate flow devices are an unstable fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and the inadequate heating and humidification of the delivered gas resulting in poor patient tolerance and discomfort. By contrast, high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy can allow the delivery of a constant FiO2 in a range of 21–100% and generate sufficiently heated and humidified gas inflows up to 60 L/min. Also, it offers several advantages regarding oxygenation and ventilation over conventional oxygen devices as the washout of CO2 from anatomical dead space, provision of a lower level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), facilitating secretions mobility and clearance, and conserving the integrity of the mucosa. This encourages the researchers to assess this therapy in many situations facing them in the clinical settings as obstructive airways diseases, hypoxemic respiratory failure, hypercapnic respiratory failure, acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, respiratory infection, and in post-operative patients. In COPD patients and those with complicated hypoxemia, the use of oxygen has been expanded from inpatient to outpatient settings where home oxygen devices with high clinical effectiveness are developed to meet patient needs outside the hospital.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

    Mohamed E. A. Abdelrahim, Haitham Saeed, Hadeer S. Harb & Yasmin M. Madney

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  1. Mohamed E. A. Abdelrahim
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  2. Haitham Saeed
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Abdelrahim, M.E.A., Saeed, H., Harb, H.S., Madney, Y.M. (2021). Oxygen Delivery Systems and Nasally Ventilated Patients. In: Essentials of Aerosol Therapy in Critically ill Patients. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85026-5_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85026-5_3

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