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Disturbances in Redox Homeostasis in the Ageing Brain

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Redox Signaling and Biomarkers in Ageing

Part of the book series: Healthy Ageing and Longevity ((HAL,volume 15))

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Abstract

The brain normally adapts to various extents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) within its complex network of neurons and glial cells and, thereby, maintains the neuronal circuits. Although the neuron is the highest consumer of O2 and glucose, it has compromised responses to oxidative stress and nitrative stress, resulting in overwhelming levels of oxidants in the ageing brain. More specifically, the neurons face challenges posed by high levels of free radicals, alterations in mitochondrial metabolism, and calcium signalling, accompanied by overloading of iron at various sites in the brain. The brain has the least antioxidant defences against oxidants, compared to the heart, and previous studies from our group have revealed that the ageing brain is challenged with an accumulation of several oxidised products, resulting in neuronal degeneration and deficits in cognitive functions. Here, we review the findings on redox homeostasis in an ageing brain, which when disturbed by ROS and RNS, paves the way to neurodegenerative diseases that also influence the longevity of the patient. The possibilities of certain non-invasive interventions in offering protection against OS-mediated redox dyshomeostasis in the aged brain are also addressed.

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Acknowledgements

The research facilities provided for stereology measurements by Prof.B.S.Shankaranarayana Rao, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore is gratefully acknowledged.

Funding

Funding:

The experimental findings referred in this chapter from the author’s laboratory have been supported from research projects supported by University Grants Commission (No.F.No.33–356/2007), Promotion of University Research and Scientific Excellence (PURSE)—Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi (SR/59/Z-23/ 2010/38) dt.27.06.2011) and Indian Council for Medical Research (No.54/9/CFP/GER/2011/NCD-II, dt.30.04.2012), New Delhi, and Government of India.

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  1. Laboratory of Gerontology, Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560056, India

    S. Asha Devi & T. B. Basavaraju

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  1. S. Asha Devi
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  2. T. B. Basavaraju
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Correspondence to S. Asha Devi .

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  1. Department of Medical Biochemistry Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ufuk Çakatay

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All applicable international, national, and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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Devi, S.A., Basavaraju, T.B. (2022). Disturbances in Redox Homeostasis in the Ageing Brain. In: Çakatay, U. (eds) Redox Signaling and Biomarkers in Ageing. Healthy Ageing and Longevity, vol 15. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84965-8_3

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