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ADHD and Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorders

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Substance and Non-Substance Related Addictions

Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder often diagnosed in childhood, but which frequently persists into adulthood. It has been associated with significant educational, vocational, and interpersonal impairments, and is a known risk factor for substance use in adolescence and substance use disorders (SUD) in adulthood. This chapter reviews the epidemiology and co-occurrence of ADHD and SUD, their shared vulnerabilities, diagnostic implications, treatment approaches, and clinical recommendations.

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Abbreviations

ADHD:

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

AMP:

Amphetamine

ASD:

Autism Spectrum Disorder

ASRS:

Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale

ASU:

Adolescent Substance Use

ATX:

Atomoxetine

AUD:

Alcohol Use Disorder

CD:

Conduct Disorder

DBD:

Disruptive Behavior Disorders

DLPFC:

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

DMN:

Default Mode Network

DSM-5:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition

DSM-IV:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, IV Edition

DUD:

Drug Use Disorder

EF:

Executive Function

fMRI:

functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

IFC:

Inferior Frontal Cortex

LDX:

Lisdexamfetamine

MDD:

Major Depressive Disorder

MPH:

Methylphenidate

MTS:

Transdermal methylphenidate system

OFC:

Orbitofrontal cortex

OROS-MPH:

Osmotic-Release Oral Systems Methylphenidate

PET:

Positron Emission Tomography

PFC:

Prefrontal Cortex

Proband:

Person serving as the starting point of a genetic or family study

PSU:

Psychoactive substance use, includes alcohol, nicotine, and illicit drugs

PSUD:

Psychoactive substance use disorder, includes alcohol, nicotine, and illicit drugs

RCT:

Randomized control trial

SUD:

Substance Use Disorder

VMPFC:

Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

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  1. The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA

    Mariely Hernandez & Naomi Dambreville

  2. CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA

    Mariely Hernandez & Naomi Dambreville

  3. Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Frances Rudnick Levin

  4. New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA

    Frances Rudnick Levin

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    Evaristo Akerele

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Hernandez, M., Dambreville, N., Levin, F.R. (2022). ADHD and Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorders. In: Akerele, E. (eds) Substance and Non-Substance Related Addictions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84834-7_2

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