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Endocrine Surgery Comprehensive Board Exam Guide pp 53–82Cite as

Graves’ Disease and Toxic Nodular Goiter (Plummer’s Disease)

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Abstract

Hyperthyroidism is a set of disorders that involve excess synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland, which leads to thyrotoxicosis. The most common forms of hyperthyroidism include diffuse toxic goiter (Graves’ disease), toxic multinodular goiter (Plummer’s disease), and a solitary toxic adenoma. The most reliable screening measure of thyroid function is the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level. Options for treatment of hyperthyroidism include antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine therapy (the preferred treatment of hyperthyroidism among US thyroid specialists), or thyroidectomy. Massive thyroid enlargement with compressive symptoms, a suspicious nodule, Graves’ orbitopathy, and patient preference are indications for surgical treatment of thyrotoxicosis.

Keywords

  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Graves’ disease
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone
  • Anti-TSH receptor Antibodies
  • Toxic nodular goiter
  • Plummer’s disease
  • Antithyroid drugs
  • Radioactive iodine
  • Surgery

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrine Surgery, Third Chair of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University – Medical College, Kraków, Poland

    Marcin Barczyński

  2. Clinical Ward of Surgery and Oncology, Gabriel Narutowicz Memorial Municipal Hospital, Kraków, Poland

    Marcin Barczyński

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  1. Marcin Barczyński
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Correspondence to Marcin Barczyński .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ, USA

    Alexander L. Shifrin

  2. Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

    Marco Raffaelli

  3. The Claire and John Bertucci Endowed Chair in Thyroid Surgical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Gregory W. Randolph

  4. Department of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

    Oliver Gimm

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Barczyński, M. (2021). Graves’ Disease and Toxic Nodular Goiter (Plummer’s Disease). In: Shifrin, A.L., Raffaelli, M., Randolph, G.W., Gimm, O. (eds) Endocrine Surgery Comprehensive Board Exam Guide. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84737-1_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84737-1_3

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