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Assessment of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Crabs of Chilika Lagoon, India

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Coastal Ecosystems

Part of the book series: Coastal Research Library ((COASTALRL,volume 38))

Abstract

Globally, the assessment of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHCs) and their accumulation in biotic components has received considerable scientific attention due to their carcinogenic nature and health risks. Long-term accumulation of TPHCs in sediment-associated biota such as fish or crabs could be hazardous to consumers, once the threshold levels are breached. Chilika lagoon in India is one of the largest lagoon ecosystems in Asia and supports the livelihood of more than 0.2 million coastal communities through fishery and tourism. The use of motorized boats operating for both fishing and tourism activities is a major source of TPHCs in the lagoon. The proposed study quantified the concentration of these TPHCs in the tissues of three edible crabs Portunus pelagicus, Scylla serrata, and Scylla tranquebarica from Chilika lagoon that are the major food source of the coastal communities. Along with crab tissues, the concentration of TPHCs was also quantified in the sediment and surface water samples to assess the bioaccumulation rates. The estimated dietary intake (EDI) of TPHCs for humans through crab consumption and the associated health risk index (HRI) were also quantified.

The mean TPHC concentration ranged from 0.246 to 9.409 μg/L with avg. of 1.672 ± 1.518 μg/L in the water, 0.036 to 2.520 μg/g with avg. of 0.767 ± 0.558 μg/L in the sediment, and 0.05–7.03 ng/g DW with avg. 2.576 ± 1.655 ng/g in crab tissue. In wet season TPHC in the water varied from 0.280 to 5.124 with an avg. of 1.119 ± 0.884 μg/L and in sediment 0.151 to 1.768 with avg. of 0.758 ± 0.442 μg/L, whereas in dry season TPHC concentration of water ranged from 0.246 to 9.409 with avg. of 2.224 ± 1.809 μg/L and in sediment it varied from 0.036 to 2.525 with avg. of 0.776 ± 0.661 μg/L. The trend of TPHC concentration followed the sequence of Portunus pelagicus > Scylla serrata > Scylla tranquebarica, and Portunus pelagicus accumulated the highest concentration of TPHC in the dry season. Also, sediment and water TPHC concentration showed higher in the dry season. The concentration of TPHCs in crab tissues was significant (p < 0.01) between seasons. It was estimated that the general population through crab consumption was exposed to 0.03 and 0.07 ng/kg of body weight/day of TPHC as indicated by EDI values. The human heath-associated risks due to consumption of TPHC as indicated by HRI ranged from 0.0002 to 0.0351. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) values were lower than the standard limit of 1 μg/g prescribed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The various factors or indices such as BAF, EDI, and HRI indicated that the TPHC concentration in the three crab species studied was within the safe limit (<1) as per USEPA. The BAFs were relatively low in water than in sediment, with water having BAFs of 0.0017 μg/g and sediment having BAFs of 0.0033 μg/g. Because the crab is a bottom feeder, it displayed a minor increase in BAFs linked with sediment. This suggested the three crab species of the Chilika lagoon currently have no health risks and are safe for human consumption. However, constant monitoring of TPHCs in the surface water, sediment, and biota of the Chilika lagoon is essential to avoid any human health hazards.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Chief Executive of the Chilika Development Authority for the encouragement to conduct the research. Sample analysis was carried out at the Chilika Development Authority’s WRTC laboratory facilities, which were developed with funding assistance from the World Bank (ICZMP, Odisha: Credit no. 4765-IN) and the Chilika Development Authority. Thanks are also due to the CDA research and support staff, who assisted with the sampling and analysis in the laboratory throughout the course of the research.

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  1. Chilika Development Authority, Wetland Research and Training Centre, Balugaon, Odisha, India

    Prasannajit Acharya & Pradipta R. Muduli

  2. Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Prasannajit Acharya & Mira Das

  3. School of Earth Ocean and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India

    Amrit Kumar Mishra

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    Sughosh Madhav

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Sadaf Nazneen

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Acharya, P., Muduli, P.R., Das, M., Mishra, A.K. (2022). Assessment of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Crabs of Chilika Lagoon, India. In: Madhav, S., Nazneen, S., Singh, P. (eds) Coastal Ecosystems. Coastal Research Library, vol 38. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84255-0_12

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