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Remitting, Restoring and Building Contemporary Albania pp 1–24Cite as

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Introduction: Remitting, Restoring, and Building Contemporary Albania

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Abstract

The volume marks the thirtieth anniversary of the fall of the communist regime (1945–1991), described in both popular and academic accounts as one of the harshest and most draconian regimes in the world. It explores the legacy of this regime to ambivalent feelings and memories that continue to divide contemporary Albanian society and politics in many ways. In contrast to past times when the communist present had a future, contemporary society, as many residents express, seems to be struggling with all kinds of unknowns and uncertainties. The volume explores the temporal, spatial, and material domains that are dragged out, restored, rebuilt, (re)seized, (re)imagined, sensed, or otherwise materialized and lived. By delving into different contexts—such as migration, displacement, urbanization, environmental issues, language theories, and art—the book explores how these different social contexts provide a space for emerging potentialities that might lead to a more secure future and assure peoples’ wellbeing.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Our reference to the process of erosion largely departs from the study by Gregorič Bon, Josipovič, and Kanjir (2018), which argues that the processes of erosion are embodied in social practices, and social practices are spatialized in the landscape. This cross-disciplinary study, which combines an anthropological approach with remote sensing analysis and geographical expertise, explains the interrelationship between geomorphological processes (such as erosion and land cover changes) and social changes (such as migrations). As scholars explain, centuries of migrations on the one hand and persistently high erosion rates on the other—both reaching the highest scales in Europe—have led to a deep interplay between the geophysical characteristics of the landscape and social processes in the Albanian environment.

  2. 2.

    Overladen and with broken engines, the ship eventually reached Brindisi, where the city’s deputy chief of police refused to let it dock. It continued to the port of Bari, 55 miles away, a trip of seven hours due to overcrowding. During this time, the Italian authorities had reportedly done little to prepare for the mass arrival. After thirty-six hours of exhausting travel, mostly without water and food, the migrants were left at the port for hours. Later they were driven to the Stadio Della Vittoria, where they were detained for a week. Due to the unpreparedness of the Italian authorities, the situation in the stadium got out of control, becoming a lawless zone controlled by powerful gangs. When the refugees learned of their imminent deportation, many tried to flee. Food and water were literally thrown over the wall by the authorities with a fire crane, most of it being seized by the gangs. After a week of this chaotic agony, the majority of Vlora’s passengers were deported to Albania.

  3. 3.

    Writing against essentializing categories of ethnic identity in the Balkan region more broadly, Isa Blumi (2011) documents how movement and migration within the Ottoman space and beyond was an integral part of Ottoman society, enabling Albanian merchants, intellectuals, and laborers to move within a multicultural space. Blumi claims that by taking into account these constant movements, migration, and the cultural exchanges that ensued, we gain a different narrative of the past that challenges nationalistic and ethnicized representations of Balkan people and identities.

  4. 4.

    On Orientalism in representations of the Balkans in literature and scholarly accounts see Todorova (2009). On the presence of Orientalism in Albanian literature and intellectual life see Sulstarova (2006).

  5. 5.

    Early works focused on what is now defined as the first wave of postcommunist nostalgia, a nostalgia of people who were born and lived under the communist regime and were disenchanted with the early outcomes of the postcommunist transformations (Berdahl 1999; Boym 2001; Ghodsee 2011; Todorova and Gille 2010). A later wave, referred to as the second wave of nostalgia or postmemory, occurred in younger generations who had not experienced the communist times first-hand but were nonetheless drawn to that memory and lost past (Oushakine 2020; Petrović 2010a, b).

  6. 6.

    In anthropology, the study of potentiality largely departs from research on reproductive technologies, biomedicine, and related issues (Strathern 1996; Taussig et al. 2013). In recent decades, potentiality has become a topic of temporal anthropology, with a particular focus on future realms (Bryant and Knight 2019; Petrović-Šteger 2020a, b). Here we particularly take as our starting point Petrović-Šteger’s argument that the task of anthropology is to offer not only “critical descriptions of the present (on its historical trajectories), but possible intimations of a society’s futures. Anthropological analysis, in other words, not only describes but also anticipates” (Petrović-Šteger 2020a, 3). In this view, we see the chapters dealing with art and artworks as textual trajectories that open up potentialities and might lead to possible assumptions and anticipations of something not yet realized, elaborated, or otherwise present.

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  1. Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA

    Smoki Musaraj

  2. Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Nataša Gregorič Bon

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  1. Institute of Anthropological and Spatial Studies, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Nataša Gregorič Bon

  2. Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA

    Smoki Musaraj

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Musaraj, S., Gregorič Bon, N. (2021). Introduction: Remitting, Restoring, and Building Contemporary Albania. In: Gregorič Bon, N., Musaraj, S. (eds) Remitting, Restoring and Building Contemporary Albania. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84091-4_1

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