Abstract
This chapter attempts to show that new types of economy, such as the digital economy and the closed-loop economy, have significant environmental components within their legal regulation. Sustainable development is actually development related to the preservation of the biosphere and natural capital. However, in real life, these aspects are often overlooked. The sustainable development concept has spawn novel types of economics. The 2008–2009 crises gave growth to the green economy that was followed by digital and circular economics in the fourth industrial revolution. All of them contain ecological aspects and those of resource use. The introduction of business services models in which the use of and selling function of goods instead of goods themselves was viewed as a possible factor of circular economics. The circular economy paradigm attracts more attention by scientists and practitioners as a means to enhance sustainability.
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Notes
- 1.
UNEP. Global Green New Deal. 2009. URL: https://wedocs.unep.org/rest/bitstreams/11748/retrieve.
- 2.
Furfur. The Fourth Industrial Revolution: the Internet of Things, Circular Economy and blockchain. 2016. http://www.furfur.me/furfur/changes/changes/216447-4-aya-promyshlennaya-revolyutsiya.
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Towards a circular economy. Waste management in the EU. European Parliamentary Research. 2017. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2017/581913/EPRS_STU%282017%29581913_EN.pdf.
- 4.
Chris Dedicott. https://blogs.cisco.com/author/chrisdedicoat.
- 5.
Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio de Janeiro, June 5, 1992).
International multilateral agreements with the participation of Russia. V. 2 vol. t. 1. Moscow: NIA-Priroda, 1998, p. 469.
- 6.
The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade. 2011. No. 36. St. 5125.
- 7.
Rio de Janeiro Declaration on Environment and Development (Adopted in Rio de Janeiro on 14.06.1992).
Public international law. Collection of documents. Vol. 2.—M.: BEK, 1996. pp. 135–138.
- 8.
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Stockholm, 22 May 2001). The document entered into force for Russia on November 15, 2011. The official UN publication in Russian. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry and Economics. 2001.
- 9.
Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly.
Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, 24 October 1970.
Ibid., pp. 65–72; Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, 1 August 1975.
Ibid., pp. 73–76.
- 10.
Circular Economy: Resource-efficient and digital. 2017.
- 11.
Circular Economy: Resource-efficient and digital. 2017.
- 12.
European Commission (2018). Horison 2020. http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/.
- 13.
United Nations (2018). The Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/ru/sustainable-development-goals.
- 14.
Ibid.
- 15.
Towards a closed-loop economy: a waste-free program for Europe. General Directorate for Environmental Protection, Minsk, October 8, 2014. URL: http://www.oecd.org/environment/outreach/EC_Circular%20econonomy_Rus.pdf.
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Natural Resources Institute, Finland (2016). On a digital road to circular economy. URL: https://www.luke.fi/en/on-a-digital-road-to-circular-economy/.
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An EU Action Plan on Circular Economy. 2015. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52015DC0614.
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Perelet, R.A., Kukushkina, A.V., Salygin, V.I., Mursaliev, A.O., Abdullayev, E.A. (2021). Digital Economy Issues and International Legal Protection of the Environment in Relation to COVID-19. In: Osipov, V.S. (eds) Post-COVID Economic Revival, Volume I. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83561-3_7
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