Abstract
After having found an 123Sb donor and measuring all its eight ESR peaks (Sect. 5.4), the system stood poised for measurements on the nuclear spin. However, we were quickly thrown a curve ball, for the observations were in clear disagreement with NMR. A melted microwave antenna was found to be the cause, blocking any magnetic fields that would result in NMR. Instead, a different driving mechanism altogether is responsible for the observed nuclear transitions: the electric modulation of the quadrupole interaction, resulting in nuclear electric resonance (NER). We measure the full nuclear spectrum of an ionized 123Sb donor using NER, including \(\Delta m_I = \pm 2\) transitions. The coherence times of all transitions are measured, and are found to be possibly affected by magnetic noise, as well as electric noise that couples through the quadrupole interaction. Spectral lineshifts are also observed in response to a DC bias potential, stemming from the same electric modulation of the quadrupole interaction. These results demonstrate that NER is a successful approach for coherent electrical control of a high-dimensional nuclear spin.
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Notes
- 1.
In principle, nuclear spin manipulation can also be performed on the neutral donor (D\(^0\)). However, the nuclear coherence times of a neutral donor are much lower, and consequently fairly high Rabi frequencies are needed for coherent control.
- 2.
At the time of these measurements, the flip-flop transitions were not yet discovered, and therefore could not be used to initialize the nuclear spin state (Sect. 5.5.2).
- 3.
The \( \left| {-1/2} \right\rangle \leftrightarrow \left| {1/2} \right\rangle \) transition frequency is to first order \(f_Q\) less than the \( \left| {1/2} \right\rangle \leftrightarrow \left| {3/2} \right\rangle \) transition frequency.
- 4.
The outermost \(\Delta m_I = \pm 2\) transitions are shifted by \(\pm 5 f_Q\) from \(2 \gamma _\mathrm {n} B_0\), while the innermost \(\Delta m_I = \pm 2\) transitions are only shifted by \(\pm f_Q\) (Eq. 6.14). Any fluctuations in \(f_Q\) would therefore affect the outermost transitions five times more than the innermost transitions.
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Asaad, S. (2021). Nuclear Electric Resonance. In: Electrical Control and Quantum Chaos with a High-Spin Nucleus in Silicon. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83473-9_6
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