Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Preventing What’s Preventable in Dementia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Evidence-Based Prevention of Behavioral Disorders in Integrated Care

  • 460 Accesses

Abstract

Older Americans fear Alzheimer’s disease and look to their primary care physicians regarding what can be done to ensure independent functioning and a high quality of life in their later years. Although there has been a 99.9% failure rate for Alzheimer’s drugs since the turn of the century, there is growing consensus by teams of international scientists that about 40% of dementia cases worldwide can be attributed to modifiable risk factors, suggesting that actions are possible to delay or prevent dementia on an individual basis by lifestyle changes and on a population level through public health policies impacting the environment and public safety. This chapter provides practical suggestions on how to raise the topic of brain health, describes when screening for dementia is appropriate, reviews the current evidence for modifiable factors and sustainable interventions, and offers resources for patients and families treated in primary care settings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aggarwal, B. B., & Sung, B. (2009). Pharmacological basis for the role of curcumin in chronic diseases: An age-old spice with modern targets. Trends in Pharmacological Science, 30, 85–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albert, M. S., DeKosky, S. T., Dickson, D., Dubois, B., Feldman, H. H., Fox, N. C., Gamst, A., Holtzman, D. M., Jagust, W. J., Petersen, R. C., Snyder, P. J., Carrillo, M. C., Thies, B., & Phelps, D. H. (2011). The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s Dementia, 7(3), 270–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alzheimer’s Association. (2020a). Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dementia, 16(3), 391–460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alzheimer’s Association. (2020b March). On the front lines: Primary care physicians and Alzheimer’s care in America. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 16, 64–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alzheimers.net. https://www.alzheimers.net

  • Alzheimersprevention.org. A multidomain two-year randomized controlled trial to prevent cognitive impairment-the FINGER study. Special Report of the Alzheimer’s Research and Prevention Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Appel, L., Moore, T. J., Obarzanek, E., Vollmer, W., Svetkey, L. P., Sacks, F., et al. (1997). A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. New England Journal of Medicine, 336, 1117–1124. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM19970417336160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barve, S., Chen, S. Y., Kirpich, I., Watson, W. H., & Mcclain, C. (2017). Development, prevention, and treatment of alcohol-induced organ injury: The role of nutrition. Alcohol Research: Current Reviews, 38(2), 289–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bleiweiss-Sande, R., Chui, K., Evans, E. W., Goldberg, J., Amin, S., & Sacheck, J. (2019). Robustness of food processing classification systems. Nutrients, 11(6), 1344. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061344

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bonaccio, M., Di Castelnuovo, A., Costanzo, S., De Curtis, A., Persichillo, M., Sofi, F., Cerletti, C., Donati, M. B., de Gaetano, G., & Iacoviello, L. (2020). Ultra-processed food consumption is associated with increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the Moli-sani Study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 113(2), nqaa299. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buettner, D. (2015). The blue zones solution: Eating and living like the world’s healthiest people. The National Geographic Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camp, C., Zeisel, J., & Antenucci, V. (2011). Implementing the “I’m Still Here” ™ approach: Montessori-based methods for engaging persons with dementia. In P. E. Hartman-Stein & A. LaRue (Eds.), Enhancing cognitive fitness in adults. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, N. L., Lane, K. A., Gao, S., Boustani, M. A., & Unverzagt, F. (2018, May). Anticholinergics influence transition from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment in older adults in primary care. Pharmacotherapy, 38(5), 511–519. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.2106

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • De Erausquin, G. A., Snyder, H., Carrillo, M., Hosseini, A. A., Traolach, T. S., Seshadri, S., & CNS Sars-CoV-2 Consortium. (2021). The chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19: The need for a prospective study of viral impact on brain functioning. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12255

  • Desai, A. K., Rush, J., Naveem, L., & Thaipisuttikul, P. (2011). Nutrition and nutritional supplements to promote brain health. In P. E. Hartman-Stein & A. LaRue (Eds.), Enhancing cognitive fitness in adults. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duffy, M. (1999). Reaching the person behind the dementia. In M. Duffy (Ed.), Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with older adults. Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Egan, M. F., Kost, J., Tariot, P. N., Aisen, P. S., Cummings, J. L., Vellas, B., et al. (2018). Randomized trial of verubecestat for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease. The New England Journal of Medicine, 378, 1691–1703. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1706441

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Esselstyn, C. B. (2007). Prevent and reverse heart disease. Penguin Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). Mini mental state: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fultz, N. E., Bonmassar, G., Setsompop, K., Stickgold, R. A., Rosen, B. R., Polimeni, J. R., & Lewis, L. D. (2019). Coupled electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and cerebrospinal fluid oscillations in human sleep. Science, 366(6465), 628–631. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax5440

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Galvin, J. E., Tolea, M. I., & Chrisphonte, S. (2020). What older adults do with the results of dementia screening programs. PLoS One, 15(7), e0235534. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235534

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ganguli, M., Dodge, H. H., Shen, C., & DeKosky, S. T. (2004, July 13). Mild cognitive impairment, amnestic type: An epidemiologic study. Neurology, 63(1), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000132523.27540.81. PMID: 15249620.

  • Gao, S., Burney, H. N., Callahan, C. M., Purnell, C. E., & Hendrie, H. C. (2019). Incidence of dementia and Alzheimer disease over time: A meta-analysis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67(7), 1361–1369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • George, D. R., & Whitehouse, P. J. (2021). American dementia: Brain health in an unhealthy society. Johns Hopkins Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerontological Society of America. (2012). Communicating with older adults: An evidence-based review of what really works. https://secure.geron.org/cvweb/cgi-bin/msascartdll.dll/ProductInfo?productcd=1947_Comm-Adults

  • Gerontological Society of America. (2020, Fall ). The GSA KAER toolkit for primary care teams: Supporting conversations about brain health, timely detection of cognitive impairment, and accurate diagnosis of dementia. https://www.geron.org/programs-services/brain-health-cognitive-impairment-and-dementia

  • Global Council on Brain Health. (2016). The brain-body connection: GCBH recommendations on physical activity and brain health. A collaborative from AARP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goleman, D., & Davidson, R. J. (2017). Altered traits: Science reveals how meditation changes your mind, brain and body. Penguin Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorelick, P. B., Furie, K. L., Iadecola, C., Smith, E. E., Waddy, S. P., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., et al. (2017). Defining optimal brain health in adults: A presidential advisory from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 48, e284–e303. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000148

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gorelick, P. B., Scuteri, A., Black, S. E., DeCarli, D., Greenberg, S. M., Iadecola, C., et al. (2011). Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia. Stroke, 42, 2672–2713. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0b013e3182299496

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Harsha, D. W., Lin, P. H., Obarzanek, E., Karanja, N., Moore, T. J., & Caballero, B. (1999). Dietary approaches to stop hypertension: Summary of study results. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 99(8, Supp), 35–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartman-Stein, P. (2017, March 22). Drug tests add doubt to amyloid theory on Alzheimer’s disease. The National Psychologist. https://nationalpsychologist.com/2017/03/drug-tests-add-doubt-to-amyloid-theory-on-alzheimers-disease/103655.html

  • Hartman-Stein, P., & LaRue, A. (Eds.). (2011). Enhancing cognitive fitness in adults: A guide to the use and development of community-based programs. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holt-Lunstad, J. (2017). The potential public health relevance of social isolation and loneliness: Prevalence, epidemiology, and risk factors. Public Policy and Aging Report, 27(4), 127–130. https://doi.org/10.1093/ppar/prx030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hume, A. L. (2015, September 1). Apoaequorin for memory enhancement? Integrative Medicine, 21(9), 38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Izaskun, G.-M., Selma-Royo, M., Alcantara, C., & Collado, M. C. (2018). Shifts on gut microbiota associated to Mediterranean diet adherence and specific dietary intakes on general adult population. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 890.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jennings, A., Cunnane, S. C., & Minihane, A. M. (2020). Can nutrition support healthy cognitive ageing and reduce dementia risk? BMJ, 369, m2269. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2269

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jo, H., Song, C., & Miyazaki, Y. (2019). Physiological benefits of viewing nature: A systematic review of indoor experiments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(23), 4739. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234739

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kaszniak, A. W. (2011). Meditation, mindfulness, cognition, and emotion: Implications for community-based older adult programs. In P. E. Hartman-Stein & A. LaRue (Eds.), Enhancing cognitive fitness in adults. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katzman, R., Terry, R., DeTeresa, R., et al. (1988). Clinical, pathological, and neurochemical changes in dementia: A subgroup with preserved mental status and numerous neocortical plaques. Annals of Neurology, 23, 138–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kawas, C. H., Kim, R. C., Sonnen, J. A., Bullain, S. S., Trieu, T., & Corrado, M. M. (2015). Multiple pathologies are common and related to dementia in the oldest-old. Neurology, 85(6), 535–542.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khalsa, D. S. (2014-2015). A white paper: Yoga and medical meditation™ as Alzheimer’s prevention medicine. In Work of the Alzheimer’s Research and Prevention Foundation. Alzheimer’s Research and Prevention Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kivipelto, M., Mangialasche, F., Snyder, H. M., Allegri, R., Andrieu, S., Arai, H., et al. (2020). World-Wide FINGERS Network: A global approach to risk reduction and prevention of dementia. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 16, 1078–1094. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langa, K. M., Larson, E. B., & Crimmins, E. (2017). A comparison of the prevalence of dementia in the United States in 2000 and 2012. JAMA Internal Medicine, 177(2017), 51–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Livingston, G., Huntley, J., Sommerlad, A., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., Brayne, C., Burns, A., Cohen-Mansfield, J., Cooper, C., Costafreda, S. G., Dias, A., Fox, N., Gitlin, L. N., Howard, R., Kales, H. C., Kivimäki, M., Larson, E. B., Ogunniyi, A., … Mukadam, N. (2020). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the lancet commission. Lancet, 396(10248), 413–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/50140-6736(20)30367-6

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Livingston, G., Sommerlad, A., Orgeta, V., Costafreda, S. G., Huntley, J., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., Burns, A., Cohen-Mansfield, J., Cooper, C., Fox, N., Gitlin, L. N., Howard, R., Kales, H. C., Larson, E. B., Ritchie, K., Rockwood, K., Sampson, E. L., et al. (2017). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. Lancet, 390(10113), 2673–2734. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31363-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKhann, G. M., Knopman, D. S., Chertkow, H., Hyman, B. T., Jack, C. R., Jr., Kawas, C. H., Klunk, W. E., Koroshetz, W. J., Manly, J. J., Mayeux, R., Mohs, R. C., Morris, J. C., Rossor, M. N., Scheltens, P., Carrillo, M. C., Thies, B., Weintraub, S., & Phelps, C. H. (2011). The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 7(3), 263–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, M., Tangney, C. C., Wang, V., Sacks, F., Bennett, D., & Aggarwal, N. T. (2015). MIND diet slows cognitive decline of aging. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 11(9), 1015–1022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2014.11.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2012). Self-reported increased confusion or memory loss (ICML) and discussions with health care providers among adults aged 45 years or older. cdc.gov/aging/pdf/2012-brfss-state-summary

  • Ngandu, T., Lehtisalo, J., Solomon, A., Levalahti, E., Ahtiluoto, S., Antikainem, R., et al. (2015). A 2-year multi-domain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): A randomized controlled trial. The Lancet, 385(9984), 2255–2263. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60461-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ornish, D. (1990). Dean Ornish’s program for reversing heart disease. Ballantine Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ornish, D. (1998). Avoiding revascularization with lifestyle changes: The Multicenter lifestyle demonstration project. American Journal of Cardiology, 82, 72t–76t.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ornish, D., & Ornish, A. (2019). UnDo it! How simple lifestyle changes can reverse most chronic diseases. Penguin Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paganini-Hill, A., Kawas, C. H., & Corrada, M. M. (2016). Lifestyle factors and dementia in the oldest-old: The 90+ study. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 30(1), 21–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pandya, S. Y., Lacritz, L. H., Weiner, M. F., Deschner, M., & Woon, F. L. (2017). Predictors of reversion from mild cognitive impairment to normal cognition. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 43(3–4), 204–214. https://doi.org/10.1159/000456070. Epub 2017 Mar 17. PMID: 28301848; PMCID: PMC5495561.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quiroz, Y. T., Sperling, R. A., Norton, D. J., Baena, A., Arboleda-Velasquez, J. F., Cosio, D., Schultz, A., Lapoint, M., Guzman-Velez, E., Miller, J. B., Kim, L. A., Chen, K., Tariot, P. N., Lopera, F., Reiman, E. M., & Kim, L. A. (2018). Association between amyloid and tau accumulation in young adults with autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurology, 75(5), 548–556.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richards, D. A., Ekers, D., McMillan, D., Taylor, R. S., Byford, S., Warren, F. C., Barrett, B., Farrand, P. A., Gilbody, S., Kuyken, W., O’Mahen, H., Watkins, E. R., Wright, K. A., Hollon, S. D., Reed, N., Rhodes, S., Fletcher, E., & Finning, K. (2016). Cost and outcome of behavioural activation versus cognitive behavioural therapy for depression (COBRA): A randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet, 388(10047), 871–880. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31140-0

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, A., Mangialasche, F., Ngandu, T., Solomon, A., & Kivipelto, M. (2020). Multidomain interventions to prevent cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and dementia: From FINGER to World-Wide FINGERS. The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, 1(7), 29–36. Published online October 10, 2019. https://doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2019.4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rovner, B. W., Casten, R. J., Hegel, M. T., & Leiby, B. (2018). Preventing cognitive decline in Black individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurology, 75(12), 1487–1493. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.2513

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Saneei, P., Salehi-Abargouei, A., Esmaillzadeh, A., & Azadbakht, L. (2014). Influence of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, 24(12), 1253–1261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schuch, F. B., Vancampfort, D., Richards, J., Rosenbaum, S., Ward, P. B., & Stubbs, B. (2016). Exercise as a treatment for depression: A meta-analysis adjusting for publication bias. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 77, 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.02.023. Epub 2016 Mar 4. PMID: 26978184.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Selkoe, D. J., & Hardy, J. (2016, June 1). The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease at 25 years. EMBO Molecular Medition, 8(6), 595–608. https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201606210. PMID: 27025652; PMCID: PMC4888851.

  • Shah, B., Newman, J., Woolf, K., Ganguzza, L., Guo, Y., Fisher, E., et al. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effect of whole-food plant-based vegan diet vs the American Heart Association – Recommended diet in patients with coronary artery disease: The randomized EVADE CAD Trial. Circulation, 136(Suppl_1), e011367.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, A., Madaan, V., & Petty, F. D. (2006). Exercise for mental health. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 8(2), 106. https://doi.org/10.4088/pcc.v08n0208a

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Snowdon, D. (2003). Healthy aging and dementia: Findings from the Nun Study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 139(5 Pt 2), 450–454. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-5_part_2-200309021-00014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, A., Turunen, H., Ngandu, T., et al. (2018). Effect of the apolipoprotein E genotype on cognitive change during a multidomain lifestyle intervention: A subgroup analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurology, 75(4), 462–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Health and Human Services. (2020, December). Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020–2025 (9th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • US Preventive Services Task Force. (2020). Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Journal of the American Medical Association, 323(8), 757–763. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.0435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uusitupa, M., Hermansen, K., Savolainen, M. J., Schwab, U., Brader, L., Mortensen, L. S., et al. (2013). Effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordi diet on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and inflammation markers in metabolic syndrome-a randomized study (SYSDIET). Journal of Internal Medicine, 274(1), 52–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12044

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Whitehouse, P., & George, D. (2008). The myth of Alzheimer’s: What you aren’t being told about today’s most dreaded diagnosis. St. Martin’s Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, S., Yu, L., Trojanowski, J. Q., et al. (2013 November 1). TDP-43 Pathology, cognitive decline, and dementia in old age. JAMA Neurology, 70(11), 1418–1424. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.3961doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.3961

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winblad, B., Amouyel, P., Andrieu, S., Ballard, C., Brayne, C., Brodaty, H., et al. (2016). Defeating Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias: A priority for European science and society. Lancet Neurology, 15, 455–532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wirth, M., Haase, C. M., Villeneuve, S., Vogel, J., & Jagust, W. J. (2014, August). Neuroprotective pathways: Lifestyle activity, brain pathology, and cognition in cognitively normal older adults. Neurobiol Aging, 35(8), 1873–1882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.015. Epub 2014 Feb 20. PMID: 24656834; PMCID: PMC4019766..

  • Wolters, F. J., Chibnik, L. B., Waziry, R., Anderson, R., Berr, C., Beiser, A., Bis, J. C., et al. (2020). Twenty-seven-year time trends in dementia incidence in Europe and the United States: The Alzheimer Cohorts Consortium. Neurology, 95(5), e519–e531.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, N., Wilson, L., Smith, M., Duncan, B., & McHugh, P. (2017, March). The BROAD study: A randomised controlled trial using a whole food plant-based diet in the community for obesity, ischaemic heart disease or diabetes. Nutrition & Diabetes, 7(3), e256. https://doi.org/10.1038/nutd.2017.3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Y.-T., Beiser, A. S., Breteler, M. B., Fratiglioni, L., Helmer, C., Hendrie, H. C., et al. (2017). The changing prevalence and incidence of dementia over time—Current evidence. Nature Reviews Neurology, 13(6), 327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, W., Tan, C.-C., Zou, J.-J., Cao, X.-P., & Tan, L. (2020). Sleep problems and risk of all-cause cognitive decline or dementia: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 91, 236–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamada, M., Komatsu, J., Nakamura, K., Sakai, K., Samuraki-Yokohama, M., Nakajima, K., & Yoshita, M. (2020, January). Diagnostic criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies: Updates and future directions. Journal of Movement Disorders., 13(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.19052. Epub 2019 Nov 8. PMID: 31694357; PMCID: PMC6987529..

  • Yu, J., Xu, W., Tan, C., Andrieu, S., Suckling, J., Evangelou, E., & Vellas, B. (2020). Evidence-based prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis of 243 observational prospective studies and 153 randomised controlled trials. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 9, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-321913

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zitser, J., Anaturk, M., Zsoldos, E., Mahmood, A., Filippini, N., Suri, S., Leng, Y., Yaffe, K., Singh-Manoux, A., Kivimaki, M., Ebmeier, K., & Sexton, C. (2020). Sleep duration over 28 years, cognition, gray matter volume, and white matter microstructure: A prospective cohort study. Sleep. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsz290

Download references

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Consultant in independent practice, Brevard, NC, USA

    Paula E. Hartman-Stein

  2. Department of Humanities, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA

    Daniel R. George

  3. Consultant in Culinary Nutrition, Houston, TX, USA

    Brigid K. McVaugh

Authors
  1. Paula E. Hartman-Stein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Daniel R. George
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Brigid K. McVaugh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paula E. Hartman-Stein .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Psychology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA

    William O’Donohue

  2. Psychology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA

    Martha Zimmermann

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Hartman-Stein, P.E., George, D.R., McVaugh, B.K. (2021). Preventing What’s Preventable in Dementia. In: O’Donohue, W., Zimmermann, M. (eds) Handbook of Evidence-Based Prevention of Behavioral Disorders in Integrated Care. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83469-2_18

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation