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Beyond Smart Cities pp 103–185Cite as

SmartCities. Technology as Enabler

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Abstract

An evaluation of the SmartCity concept is described since its first conception, too much linked to technology to monitor and control the physical components of a city, towards latest human perspective, placing the citizen services and the citizen active participation as a must-have design principle. Technology is always present, as enabler, as the perfect catalyzer of city prosperity. Also, its role is evolving from a core destination to a tool, omnipresent, indispensable, but a tool, a mean. Different definitions and approaches, how-to models, stages in this evolution, and finally, the humanization of Smartcities and its implications will be studied.

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  • DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83371-8_3
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Notes

  1. 1.

    The Turing’s test sets a challenge where a human can’t differentiate whether he is talking to a computer or another human (by electronic chat). Although Google claimed for a basic pass with a 2018 test with a 13year-old human and his system, other researchers like: KAPOR, M & KURZWEIL, R. "By 2029 no computer – or ‘machine intelligence’ – will have passed the Turing Test", The Arena for Accountable Predictions: A Long Bet, betted a wager of $20,000 about computers passing a full Turing test not before 2029.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain

    José A. Ondiviela

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  1. José A. Ondiviela
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Ondiviela, J.A. (2021). SmartCities. Technology as Enabler. In: Beyond Smart Cities. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83371-8_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83371-8_3

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-83370-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-83371-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)