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Cutaneous Lymphomas

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Handbook of Practical Immunohistochemistry

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Abstract

Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL) differ from their systemic counterparts. CTCLs are heterogeneous with overlapping presentations, requiring correlation of clinical, histopathologic, and immunophenotypic features. Because aggressive and indolent lymphomas may have identical immunophenotypic findings, knowledge of the mimics and clinical correlation is important. Thus, this chapter also includes discussions of some distinguishing clinical and histologic features. Brief information of some systemic lymphomas that tend to present in the skin is included. Table 33.1 lists characteristics of antibodies used to diagnose primary cutaneous and some systemic lymphomas that may arise in the skin. Tables 33.2 and 33.3 include brief prognostic information about T-cell and B-cell lymphomas (primary and secondary) presenting in the skin, respectively. CTCLs and PCBCLs recognized by WHO-EORTC are listed in Tables 33.4. Tables 33.5 and 33.6 offer a list of common antibodies used to diagnose CTCLs and BCLs, respectively, with a comparison of the subtypes’ immunophenotype. A brief list of systemic hematopoietic neoplasms that may secondarily involve the skin is included in Table 33.7. The remainder of this chapter details the immunophenotype of neoplasms listed in Table 33.4, along with some systemic lymphomas presenting in the skin and some pseudolymphomas.

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Abbreviations

AECTCL:

CD8 + aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma

AITL:

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma

ALCL:

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma

ALK:

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase

ALL:

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

AML:

Acute myeloid leukemia

BCL:

B-cell lymphoma

BCR:

B-cell receptor

BID:

Benign inflammatory disease

BL:

Burkitt lymphoma

BPDC:

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm

B-PLL:

B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia

C:

Cytoplasmic staining

CD:

Cluster of differentiation

CHL:

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma

CLL:

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

CTCL:

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

DcR3:

Decoy receptor 3

DLBCL:

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

DLBCLLT:

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type

DLBCL/BL:

B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma

EATL:

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma

EBI3:

Epstein–Barr virus-induced gene 3

EBV:

Epstein–Barr virus

EC:

Embryonal carcinoma

EMA:

Epithelial membrane antigen

ENKTCLNT:

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type

FHTL:

Follicular helper T-cell lymphoma

FL:

Follicular lymphoma

FMF:

Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides

G:

Golgi accentuation pattern

GC:

Germinal center

GI:

Gastrointestinal

GIST:

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor

GPI:

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol

HCD:

Heavy chain disease

HCL:

Hairy cell leukemia

HGAL:

Human germinal center-associated lymphoma

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HRS cell:

Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cell

HS:

Histiocytic sarcoma

HSTL:

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma

HVLPD:

Hydroavacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorder

ICOS:

Inducible T-cell costimulator

IgH:

Immunoglobulin heavy chains

IgL:

Immunoglobulin light chain

ISH:

In situ hybridization

IVLBCL:

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma

LEF1:

Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1

LCT:

Large cell transformation

LN:

Lymph node

LyG:

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis

LyP:

Lymphomatoid papulosis

M:

Membranous staining

MCL:

Mantle cell lymphoma

MF:

Mycosis fungoides

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

MM:

Multiple myeloma

MNDA:

Myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen

MYD88:

Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88

MZL:

Marginal zone lymphoma

N:

Nuclear staining

NCAM:

Neural cell adhesion molecule

NK:

Nature killer cell

NLPHL:

Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma

PCFCL:

Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma

PCGDTCL:

Primary cutaneous γδ T-cell lymphoma

PCMZL:

Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma

PCPTCL:

Primary cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma

PEL:

Pleural effusion lymphoma

PMBL:

Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma

PNET:

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor

PR:

Pagetoid reticulosis

PTL:

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

RS cell:

Reed–Sternberg cell

SLL:

Small lymphocytic lymphoma

SMBA:

Severe mosquito bite allergy

SMTLPD:

(CD4 positive) small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder

SPTCL:

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma

SS:

Sézary syndrome

TCL:

T-cell lymphoma

TCL1:

T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1

TCR:

T-cell receptor

TFH:

T-follicular helper

Th:

Helper T cells

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

TPL:

T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia

TRAF1:

TNF receptor-associated factor 1

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  1. Laboratory Medicine-Pathology, Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA

    Jacqueline M. Junkins-Hopkins

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  1. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA

    Fan Lin

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  3. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA

    Haiyan Liu

  4. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA

    Myra L. Wilkerson

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Junkins-Hopkins, J.M. (2022). Cutaneous Lymphomas. In: Lin, F., Prichard, J.W., Liu, H., Wilkerson, M.L. (eds) Handbook of Practical Immunohistochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83328-2_33

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