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Planetary Health: Human Impacts on the Environment

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Environmental Alteration Leads to Human Disease

Part of the book series: Sustainable Development Goals Series ((SDGS))

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Abstract

Background: A stimulant Concept Note has been distributed among PHA members at the PHA Meeting of Edinburg (2018): It represents the network of drivers relating environmental alterations to dangerous health effects. Upgrading traditional ecology brings to upgrade these Man–Environment drivers too, becoming the main aim of this chapter.

Theory and Method: After a brief synthesis of the main principles of Landscape Bionomics (LB), we add to the drivers the arguments derived from LB: ecological economy, living systems dysfunctions, LB degradations, meditation, diseases independently from pollution. Moreover, all principal aspects of environmental alterations are concisely considered.

Findings: The result of this work led to (a) upgrade the “ecosystem services,” (b) integrate pollutants with biologic landscape parameters, (c) change the concept of biodiversity, (d) consider the climate change less linked to CO2 and more to forest destructions, (e) express functions of landscape unit (LU) change, (f) recover a LU changing configuration, not land use, (g) underline the therapeutic help of meditation.

Discussion and Conclusion: The upgrading of Man/Environment drivers brings to widening the etiological paths. Pollution, infective agents, and agrofood dysfunctions remain the most known, while environmental stress, lack of defense aspects, and lack of hierarchical relations need more attention and more studies.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Remember that the ecocoenotope is a multifunctional entity in a definite geographic locality, an ecobiota, composed of the community, the ecosystem, and the microcore (i.e., the spatial contiguity characters, see Chap. 3, Fig. 3.2 and Sect. 3.2.2).

  2. 2.

    A Landscape Apparatus (L-Ap) is constituted by proper functional systems of ecocoenotopes (even not connected), forming a specific configuration within the ecotissue, performing functions among the protective, productive, subsidiary, residential, connective, excretory, resilience, resistance, … ones (see Sect. 3.3.1 and Ingegnoli 2002; Ingegnoli 2011; Ingegnoli 2015).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Vittorio Ingegnoli

  2. PHA (Planetary Health Alliance, member of), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Vittorio Ingegnoli & Elena Giglio

  3. SIPNEI (It. Soc. of Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunology), Rome, Italy

    Vittorio Ingegnoli

  4. Environmental Science: man and the environment in the Apenninens, PhD, Teacher of Geography at High School, Milan, Italy

    Elena Giglio

Authors
  1. Vittorio Ingegnoli
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  2. Elena Giglio
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Correspondence to Vittorio Ingegnoli .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Science & Policy, University of Milan, Milano, Milano, Italy

    Vittorio Ingegnoli

  2. Department of Experimental Medicine “Sapienza”, Laboratory of Seminology, Bank of Semen “Loredana Gandini”, University of Roma, Roma, Roma, Italy

    Francesco Lombardo

  3. Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Roma, Italy

    Giuseppe La Torre

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Ingegnoli, V., Giglio, E. (2022). Planetary Health: Human Impacts on the Environment. In: Ingegnoli, V., Lombardo, F., La Torre, G. (eds) Environmental Alteration Leads to Human Disease . Sustainable Development Goals Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83160-8_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83160-8_4

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-83160-8

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