Abstract
As seen in Chap. 2, a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the environmental impacts of EVs and traction batteries is highly time intensive. An overarching programmatic approach to enable the fast and reliable life cycle-oriented tailoring and integration of interdisciplinary models is currently absent. To understand the potential of such an approach, it is essential to consult the approaches and technical developments recently documented within the research community. The aim of this chapter is, therefore, to review the contemporary research most relevant to the topic in question. The outline is as follows. First, the criteria to select and evaluate the approaches is presented. Then, the selected contributions are described and briefly analyzed. A comparative evaluation follows and, finally, the research gap is identified and described.
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Notes
- 1.
A structured literature search was performed using the querying service from google scholar. For the first category, environmental assessment studies, the queries were done by searching for documents including all of the terms “Life Cycle Assessment”, “LCA”, “Environmental impacts”, “emissions”, “transportation” and any of the terms “industrial ecology”, “eco-design”, “environmental assessment”, “Life Cycle Engineering” and “LCE” within the document’s keywords. In this regard, one query was done including the term “electric vehicle” in the document’s title and a second one including the term “battery”. This resulted in a total of 362 and 220 contributions respectively. For the second category, modeling approaches in the field of LCA for electromobility the list of keywords was complemented with the terms “electric vehicle” and “battery”. One query was done including the term “model” in the document’s title and a second one including the term “approach”. This resulted in a total of 120 and 113 contributions respectively. In total, four different queries were executed resulting in 815 results. These were systematically filtered according to the following exclusion criteria: (1) older than 2011, (2) strict focus on the assessment of technical performance, (3) focus on business or strategy (e.g. market penetration studies, policy analysis, strategic planning), (4) focus on operations research and optimization, (5) focus on cost analysis, (6) focus on grid integration and renewable energy focus, (7) conference papers, (8) repeated query results and (9) papers with no citations. Further, the list was complemented with contributions subjectively selected from three of the excluded groups: (1), (5) and (9). Finally, the list of relevant was pre-filtered to a total 224 contributions.
- 2.
SNA is an approach to research social structures by applying concepts from network and graph theory. It provides a structured method to describe networks as a set of nodes (main actors or individuals) and edges (interactions between the nodes) (Otte and Rousseau 2002). In this case, each of the contributions identified in the structure literature search was assigned a node. The nodes are further linked through edges to the contributions citing or making use of the information in the paper.
- 3.
Influence was measured as eigenvector centrality. In graph theory, a node with a high eigenvector score implies that the node is linked to a large number of nodes which have, in turn a high eigenvector centrality.
- 4.
The most relevant research in this regard will be discussed in this chapter.
- 5.
NREL is a laboratory of U.S. Department of Energy.
- 6.
Results are presented in terms of Harvey balls. A full ball (∙) means that the criteria was fully fulfilled, partially filled balls (◔, ◑ and ◕) represent a partial fulfillment of the criteria. A blank ball (○) means that the criteria was not fulfilled.
- 7.
Technology-centered Electric Mobility Assessment (THELMA) was a project from the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology funded by Swiss Electric Research, the Competence Center for Energy and Mobility and the Swiss Erdöl Vereinigung. More information can be found at: http://www.thelma-emobility.net/.
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Cerdas, F. (2022). State of Research—Review on LCE Modelling and Assessment Approaches for Electromobility. In: Integrated Computational Life Cycle Engineering for Traction Batteries. Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82934-6_3
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