Abstract
The increase in the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in recent decades has coincided with a change in the form of presentation. It has gone from being a disease diagnosed in young children presenting with clinical signs of malabsorption to being found more frequently in school-aged children. Along with the change in the age of presentation, the profile of patients diagnosed has also changed, with oligosymptomatic or extraintestinal forms predominating rather than the classical form of presentation. This has been helped by the availability of more sensitive and specific serological tests, which can diagnose CD in patients with monosymptomatic or even asymptomatic forms of presentation. However, a high index of suspicion is required amongst paediatricians and paediatric gastroenterologists and screening of at risk groups for the disease should be extended.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Mäki M, Kallonen K, Lähdeaho M-L, Visakorpi JK. Changing pattern of childhood coeliac disease in Finland. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1988;77:408–12.
Whyte LA, Jenkins HR. The epidemiology of coeliac disease in South Wales: a 28-year perspective. Arch Dis Child. 2013;98(6):405–7.
Gee SJ. The coeliac affection. St Bart Hosp Rep. 1888;24:17–20.
Riznik P, De Leo L, Dolinsek J, Gyimesi J, Klemenak M, Koletzko B, et al. Clinical presentation in children with coeliac disease in Central Europe. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2021;72(4):546–51.
Van Kalleveen MW, de Meij T, Plötz FB. Clinical spectrum of paediatric coeliac disease: a 10-year single-centre experience. Eur J Pediatr. 2018;177(4):593–602.
Jansen M, van Zelm M, Groeneweg M, Jaddoe V, Dik W, Schreurs M, et al. The identification of celiac disease in asymptomatic children: the generation R study. J Gastroenterol. 2018;53(3):377–86.
Krauthammer A, Guz-Mark A, Zevit N, Marderfeld L, Waisbourd-Zinman O, Silbermintz A, et al. Two decades of pediatric celiac disease in a tertiary referral center: what has changed? Dig Liver Dis. 2020;52(4):457–61.
Ludvigsson JF, Leffler DA, Bai JC, et al. The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms. Gut. 2013;62(1):43–52.
Laurikka P, Nurminen S, Kivelä L, Kurppa K. Extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease: early detection for better long-term outcomes. Nutrients. 2018;10(8):1015.
Walker-Smith JA, Guandalini S, Schmitz J, Shmerling DH, Visakorpi JK. Revised criteria for dianosis of coeliac disease. Report of Working Grup of European society of paediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. Arch Dis Child. 1990;65(8):909–11.
Rutz R, Ritzler E, Fierz W, Herzog D. Prevalence of asymptomatic celiac disease in adolescents of eastern Switzerland. Swiss Med Wkly. 2002;132(3–4):43–7.
Almallouhi E, King KS, Patel B, Wi C, Juhn YJ, Murray JA, et al. Increasing incidence and altered presentation in a population-based study of pediatric celiac disease in North America. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017;65(4):432–7.
Jericho H, Guandalini S. Extra-intestinal manifestation of celiac disease in children. Nutrients. 2018;10(6):755.
Yu XB, Uhde M, Green PH, Alaedini A. Autoantibodies in the extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease. Nutrients. 2018;10(8):1123.
Nardecchia S, Auricchio R, Discepolo V, Troncone R. Extra-intestinal manifestations of coeliac disease in children: clinical features and mechanisms. Front Pediatr. 2019;7:56.
Morón B, Cebolla A, Manyani H, Alvarez-Maqueda M, MegÃas M, Thomas Mdel C, et al. Sensitive detection of cereal fractions that are toxic to celiac disease patients by using monoclonal antibodies to a main immunogenic wheat peptide. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87(2):405–14.
Singh AD, Singh P, Farooqui N, Strand T, Ahuja V, Makharia GK. Prevalence of celiac disease in patients with short stature: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;36(1):44–54.
Popp A, Mäki M. Gluten-induced extra-intestinal manifestations in potential celiac disease-celiac trait. Nutrients. 2019;11(2):320.
Fessatou S, Kostaki M, Karpathios T. Coeliac disease and alopecia areata in childhood. J Paediatr Child Health. 2003;39(2):152–4.
De Leo L, Aeschlimann D, Hadjivassiliou M, Aeschlimann P, Salce N, Vatta S, et al. Not T. Anti-transglutaminase 6 antibody development in children with celiac disease correlates with duration of gluten exposure. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018;66(1):64–8.
Kieslich M, Errázuriz G, Posselt HG, Moeller-Hartmann W, Zanella F, Boehles H. Brain white-matter lesions in celiac disease: a prospective study of 75 diet-treated patients. Pediatrics. 2001;108(2):e21.
Majorana A, Bardellini E, Ravelli A, Plebani A, Polimeni A, Campus G. Implications of gluten exposure period, CD clinical forms, and HLA typing in the association between celiac disease and dental enamel defects in children. A case-control study. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2010;20(2):119–24.
Äärelä L, Nurminen S, Kivelä L, Huhtala H, Mäki M, Viitasalo A, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of abnormal liver values in children with celiac disease. Dig Liver Dis. 2016;48(9):1023–9.
Pantaleoni S, Luchino M, Adriani A, Pellicano R, Stradella D, Ribaldone DG, et al. Bone mineral density at diagnosis of celiac disease and after 1 year of gluten-free diet. Sci World J. 2014:173082.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
de Villasante, G.C. (2022). Classical and Non-classical Forms of CD in Paediatrics. In: Amil-Dias, J., Polanco, I. (eds) Advances in Celiac Disease . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82401-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82401-3_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-82400-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-82401-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)