Abstract
The social and legal situation of lesbian, gay men, bisexual, and transgender people (LGBT) has improved in recent years. At the same time, attitudes toward LGBT populations have changed over time, increasingly into more favorable opinions of LGBT people. However, despite this promising scenario, stigmatization, prejudice, and discrimination still persist, as well as hate crimes against LGBT people. Various studies have shown the persistence of these violence acts as a social stressor that affects the well-being and quality of life of LGBT people, who experience detrimental effects in their physical and mental health compared to non-LGBT population. The foregoing makes it essential to know the situation of each country and the region regarding this issue. Empirical LGBT research has mostly focused on Northamerican and European samples. Then, it is essential to know the situation of the Central and South regions specially Latin American countries. From a psychosocial and cross-cultural perspective, we used information available form World Values Survey to analyze attitudes toward LGBT people and their evolution in Latin American countries.
Keywords
- Homosexuality
- Attitudes
- Central America
- South America
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options
References
Adamczyk, A., & Pitt, C. (2009). Shaping attitudes about homosexuality: The role of religion and cultural context. Social Science Research, 38(2), 338–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.01.002
Andersen, R., & Fetner, T. (2008). Economic inequality and intolerance: Attitudes toward homosexuality in 35 democracies. American Journal of Political Science, 52(4), 942–958. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00352.x
Barrientos, J. (2015). Violencia homofóbica en América Latina y Chile [Homophobic violence in Latin America and Chile]. Ediciones el Desconcierto.
Barrientos, J. (2016). Situación social y legal de gays, lesbianas y personas transgénero y la discriminación contra estas poblaciones en América Latina [Social and legal scenario of gays, lesbians and transgender people and discrimination against these populations in Latin America]. Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad, 22, 331–354. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-6487.sess.2016.22.15.a
Barrientos, J. & Lovera, L. (2020). Diversidad sexual y educación en América Latina y el Caribe, Panorama regional: jóvenes LGBT+E inclusión escolar en América Latina y el Caribe [Sexual diversity and education in Latin America and the Caribbean, Regional panorama: LGBT + youth and school inclusion in Latin America and the Caribbean]. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura [UNESCO]. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374763
Boglarka, F., Kurmanov, S., & Berredo, L. (2020). A brief guide to monitoring anti-trans violence. TGEU. https://transrespect.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TvT-PS-Vol21-2020_EN.pdf.
Cárdenas, M., Barrientos, J., & Gómez, F. (2018). Determinants of heterosexual men’s attitudes toward gay men and lesbians in Chile. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 22(2), 105–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2017.1418467
Corrêa, S. (2018). A “política do gênero”: um comentário genealógico [The “gender policy”: A genealogical commentary]. Cadernos Pagu, 53, e185301. https://doi.org/10.1590/18094449201800530001
Costa, A. B., Peroni, R. O., Camargo, E. S., Pasley, A., & Nardi, H. C. (2015). Prejudice toward gender and sexual diversity in a Brazilian public university: Prevalence, awareness, and the effects of education. Sexuality Research & Social Policy: A Journal of the NSRC, 12(4), 261–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-015-0191-z
Dion, M. L., & Díez, J. (2017). Democratic values, religiosity, and support for same-sex marriage in Latin America. Latin American Politics and Society, 59(4), 75–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/laps.12034
Dulani, B., Sambo, G., & Dionne, K. Y. (2016). Good Neighbours? African express high levels of tolerance for many but not for all. Afrobarometer, 74(1) https://afrobarometer.org/sites/default/files/publications/Dispatches/ab_r6_dispatchno74_tolerance_in_africa_eng1.pdf
Eurobarometer. (2015). Discrimination in the EU in 2015. Special Eurobarometer, 437. https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/ResultDoc/download/DocumentKy/68004
Eurobarometer. (2019). Discrimination in the European Union. Special Eurobarometer, 493. https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/Survey/getSurveyDetail/yearFrom/1974/yearTo/2019/surveyKy/2251
Flores, A. R., & Park, A. (2018). Polarized progress. Social Acceptance of LGBT People in 141 Countries, 1981 to 2014. UCLA School of Law. https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Polarized-Progress-April-2018.pdf
Haerpfer, C., Inglehart, R., Moreno, A., Welzel, C., Kizilova, K., Diez-Medrano, J., Lagos, M., Norris, P., Ponarin, E., & Puranen, B. (eds.). (2020). World values survey: Round seven – country-pooled Datafile (p. 10.14281/18241). JD Systems Institute & WVSA Secretariat.
Infante, A., Berger, C., Dantas, J. C., & Sandoval, F. (2016). Encuesta nacional de clima escolar en Chile [National survey of school climate in Chile]. Fundación Todo Mejora Chile. https://todomejora.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Encuesta-de-Clima-Escolar-2016-Fundacion-TODO-MEJORA.pdf
Inglehart, R., & Baker, W. E. (2000). Modernization, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values. American Sociological Review, 65(1), 19–51. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657288
Inglehart, R., Haerpfer, C., Moreno, A., Welzel, C., Kizilova, K., Diez-Medrano J., Lagos, M., Norris, P., Ponarin, E., & Puranen, B. (eds.). (2020). World Values Survey: All Rounds –Country-Pooled Datafile. Madrid, Spain & Vienna, Austria: JD Systems Institute & WVSA Secretariat [Version: http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWVL.jsp].
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, trans and Intersex Association [ILGA]. (2020). State-sponsored homophobia 2020: Global legislation overview update. ILGA. https://ilga.org/downloads/ILGA_World_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_report_global_legislation_overview_update_December_2020.pdf
Kite, M. E., & Whitley, B. E., Jr. (1998). Do heterosexual women and men differ in their attitudes toward homosexuality? A conceptual and methodological analysis. In G. M. Herek (Ed.), Psychological perspectives on lesbian and gay issues, Vol. 4. Stigma and sexual orientation: Understanding prejudice against lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (pp. 39–61). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452243818.n3
Lodola, G., & Corral, M. (2010). Support for same-sex marriage in Latin America. AmericasBarometer Insights, 44, 1–9. https://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/insights/I0844.enrevised.pdf
Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
Moreno, A., Herazo, E., Oviedo, H., & Campo-Arias, A. (2015). Measuring homonegativity: Psychometric analysis of Herek’ s attitudes toward lesbians and gay men scale (ATLG) in Colombia, South America. Journal of Homosexuality, 62(7), 924–935. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2014.1003014
Movilh. (2019). XVIII Informe Anual de Derechos Humanos. Diversidad Sexual y de Género en Chile. Hechos 2019 [XVIII Annual report of Human Rights. Sexual and gender diversity in chile. Facts 2019]. Santiago: Movilh. http://www.movilh.cl/documentacion/Informe-DDHH-Movilh-2019.pdf
Navarro, M., Barrientos, J., Gómez, F., & Bahamondes, J. (2019). Attitudes toward homosexuality in south American countries: A multilevel analysis of related individual and sociocultural factors. International Journal of Sexual Health., 31(3), 257–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2019.1625843
Raja, S., & Stokes, J. (1998). Assessing attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: The modern homophobia scale. International Journal of Sexuality and Gender Studies, 3(2), 113–134. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023244427281
Redman, S. M. (2018). Effects of same-sex legislation on attitudes toward homosexuality. Political Research Quarterly, 71(3), 628–641. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912917753077
Sentido & Colombia Diversa. (2016). Encuesta de clima escolar LGBT en Colombia 2016 [LGBT school climate survey in Colombia 2016]. http://sentiido.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Sentiido.-Colombia-Diversa.-Encuesta-de-clima-escolar-2016-FINAL.pdf
Valfort, M. (2017). “LGBTI in OECD Countries: A Review”. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 198, OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/d5d49711-en.
World Values Survey. (N/d). Who we are. World Values Survey.https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org.
Worthen, M. G. F. (2013). An argument for separate analyses of attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual men, bisexual women, MtF and FtM transgender individuals. Sex Roles, 68(11–12), 703–723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-012-0155-1
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Barrientos Delgado, J., Bahamondes, J. (2022). Homosexuality Justification and Social Distance: A Cross-Cultural Approach from Latin America Using World Values Survey Data. In: Chaparro, R.A., Prado, M.A.M. (eds) Latinx Queer Psychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82250-7_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82250-7_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-82249-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-82250-7
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)