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The Nuclear Family and Its Discontents: Freud, Jung, and Szondi and the Persistence of the Dynasty

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Psychoanalysis, Fatherhood, and the Modern Family
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Abstract

From the emphasis on early childhood as the central arena in the etiology of neuroses to the framing of the oedipus complex, Freud’s picture of intergenerational transmission as it emerged in the last years of the nineteenth century was resolutely anti-dynastic. In other words, it was at pains to locate the salient mechanisms by which neurosis was constituted and reconstituted in each generation in the complex libidinal and imaginary interplay between two generations. This chapter proposes that Freud insisted on foreclosing the dynastic dimension because the longue durée of the dynastic line was where biological determinists and race scientists had made their home—the more contained oedipal household offered a comparatively humanistic picture of heredity. Before long, however, Freud began to contemplate the role of more distant ancestry in the life of the unconscious mind—this chapter traces his readmission of the dynastic, as well as the reactions by various one-time followers of Freud: Carl Gustav Jung, Anna Freud, Melanie Klein, and Léopold Szondi.

Portions of “The Nuclear Family and its Discontents: Freud, Jung and Szondi and the Persistence of the Dynasty” first appeared in The Dynastic Imagination: Family and Modernity in Nineteenth-Century Germany by Adrian Daub. Copyright © 2020 by the University of Chicago. All rights reserved.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Sigmund Freud, “Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria” (1905 [1901]). In: In: Freud, The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works, tr. James Strachey, ed. Anna Freud et al., 24 vols. (London: The Hogarth Press, 1953–1974), VII: 3–124(edition will be abbreviated SE).

  2. 2.

    See Philipp Larkin, “This be the Verse,” included in Larkin, Collected Poems, New York: Farrar Straus and Giroux, 2001.

  3. 3.

    Freud, “Fragment of an Analysis,” 20n.

  4. 4.

    Sander L. Gilman, Freud, Race and Gender (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993), 90.

  5. 5.

    Carl E. Schorske, Fin de siècle Vienna: Politics and Culture (New York: Vintage, 1981), xxvi.

  6. 6.

    Gilman, Freud, Race and Gender, 87.

  7. 7.

    Freud, “Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality” (1905), SE VII: 125–248, here 173 [translation modified for emphasis and accuracy].

  8. 8.

    Freud, “Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie.” In: Freud, Gesammelte Werke, ed. Anna Freud et al. 17 vols, in 16 (London: Imago Publishing Co., 1940–1952), V: 27–146; here 73.

  9. 9.

    Andrew Zimmerman, Anthropology and Antihumanism in Imperial Germany (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001), 52.

  10. 10.

    Freud, “A Disturbance of Memory on the Acropolis” (1936), SE XXII: 239–250, here 239.

  11. 11.

    Freud, letter to Ludwig Binswanger, May 14, 1911. In: The Sigmund Freud-Ludwig Binswanger Correspondence 1908–1938, ed. Gerhard Fichtner, tr. Arnold J. Pomerans, with Tom Roberts (New York: The Other Press, 2003), 64–65.

  12. 12.

    Jung, letter to Freud, March 9, 1910. In: The Freud/Jung Letters: The Correspondence Between Sigmund Freud and C.G. Jung, ed. McGuire, tr. Ralph Manheim and Hull (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974), 302; see also Lionel Trilling, “The Freud/Jung Letters,” New York Times (April 21, 1974), 489.

  13. 13.

    Freud, Moses and Monotheism (1939 [1934–1938]), SE XXIII: 3–140; here 99.

  14. 14.

    Freud, “Beyond the Pleasure Principle” (1920), SE: XVIII: 3–66; here 22.

  15. 15.

    Freud, “The Dynamics of Transference” (1912), SE XII: 7–108; here 99n.

  16. 16.

    Carl Gustav Jung, “On the Psychology of the Unconscious” (1917). In: Jung, The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. ed. William McGuire et al., tr. R.F.C. Hull et al. 20 vols. (ser.) Bollington (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1953–1979), VII: 9–88, here 64 (edition will be abbreviated CW).

  17. 17.

    Jung, Über die Psychologie der Dementia Praecox (Halle: Marhold, 1907), iii.

  18. 18.

    Reuben Fine, A History of Psychoanalysis (New York: Columbia University Press), 83.

  19. 19.

    Cited in: Peter Gay, Freud – A Life for Our Time (New York: Norton, 2006), 229.

  20. 20.

    Cited in Gay, Freud, 223.

  21. 21.

    Gay, Freud, 235.

  22. 22.

    Jung, “The Structure of the Unconscious” (1916), CW VII: 263–292.

  23. 23.

    Jung, “The Significance of Constitution and Heredity in Psychology” (1929), CW VIII: 87–91.

  24. 24.

    Jung, “Wotan” (1936), CW X: 179–193; here 180.

  25. 25.

    Jung, “Über das Unbewußte”(1918).In: Jung, Zivilisation im Übergang, Gesammelte Werke, 20 vols., ed. Lilly Jung-Merker and Elisabeth Rüf (Olten: Walter Verlag, 1958–), X: 15–42; here 25 (edition will be abbreviate GW).

  26. 26.

    Jung, “Zur gegenwärtigen Lage der Psychotherapie” (1934). In: Jung, Zivilisation im Übergang, GW X: 181–200; here 191.

  27. 27.

    Barbara Hannah: C. G. Jung. Sein Leben und Wirken (Küsnacht: Stiftung für Jung’sche Psychologie, Küsnacht 2006), 273.

  28. 28.

    Robert Ellwood, The Politics of Myth: A Study of C. G. Jung, Mircea Eliade, and Joseph Campbell (New York: SUNY Press, 1999), 37.

  29. 29.

    Jung, “On the Psychology of the Unconscious,” 69.

  30. 30.

    See Dan Diner (Ed.), Zivilisationsbruch: Denken nach Auschwitz. Frankfurt: Fischer Verlag, 1988.

  31. 31.

    Freud, “A Disturbance of Memory on the Acropolis,” 245.

  32. 32.

    Faye Carey, “‘Derealization’: In the Shadow of the Son,” in Jonathan Burke (Ed.), Psychoanalytic Perspectives on the Shadow of the Parent: Mythology, History, Politics, and Art (London: Routledge, 2018): 75–92; here 75.

  33. 33.

    Freud letter to Lou Andreas-Salomé; see the discussion in Gay, Freud, 541.

  34. 34.

    Melanie Klein, “Some Reflections on The Oresteia” (1963). In: Klein, Envy and Gratitude and Other Works, 1946–1963 (New York: Macmillan, 2002), 275–299; here 285.

  35. 35.

    Julia Kristeva, Melanie Klein, tr. Ross Guberman (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001), 15.

  36. 36.

    Anna Freud, Difficulties in the Path of Psychoanalysis; A Confrontation of Past with Present Viewpoints (ser.) Freud Anniversary Lectures. New York: International Universities Press, [1969].

  37. 37.

    Klein, Contributions to Psycho-Analysis, 1925–45 (London: Hogarth Press, 1965), 182.

  38. 38.

    Deborah P. Britzman. After-Education: Anna Freud, Melanie Klein, and Psychoanalytic Histories of Learning, Buffalo: SUNY Press, 2003.

  39. 39.

    Karl Abraham, “A Short History of the Development of the Libido, Viewed in Light of Mental Disorders.” In: Karl Abraham, Selected Papers, ed. Ernest Jones, tr. Douglas Bryan and Alix Strachey(London: Hogarth, 1948), 418–501.

  40. 40.

    Klein, “Envy and Gratitude” (1957). In: Envy and Gratitude and Other Works, 1946–1963 (New York: Macmillan, 2002), 176–235; here 229.

  41. 41.

    Jung, “Wotan,” 213.

  42. 42.

    Deirdre Bair, Jung: A Biography (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2003), 510.

  43. 43.

    Cited in: Elizabeth Young-Bruehl, Anna Freud: A Biography (New York: Summit, 1988), 455.

  44. 44.

    G.W.F. Hegel, The Phenomenology of Spirit, tr. Terry Pinkard (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), 196.

  45. 45.

    Léopold Szondi, “Contributions to Fate Analysis,” Acta Psychologica III (1937): 1–80; here 26.

  46. 46.

    Szondi, Moses—Antwort auf Kain (Bern: Huber, 1973), 105.

  47. 47.

    Szondi, Kain, Gestalten des Bösen (Bern: Huber, 1969), 115.

  48. 48.

    Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Anti-Oedipus, tr. Robert Hurley, Mark Seem, and Helen R. Lane (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987), 123.

  49. 49.

    See Deleuze and Guattari, Anti-Oedipus, 319.

  50. 50.

    Jens de Vleminck, “Tragic Choices: Fate, Oedipus, and Beyond.” In: Arthur N. Cools and Thomas K. M. Crombez (Eds.), The Locus of Tragedy (Boston: Brill, 2008), 197–214; here 198.

  51. 51.

    Szondi, Freiheit und Zwang im Schicksal des Einzelnen (Bern: Huber, 1968), 21.

  52. 52.

    Martin Heidegger, The Principle of Reason, tr. Reginald Lilly (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996), 110.

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Daub, A. (2022). The Nuclear Family and Its Discontents: Freud, Jung, and Szondi and the Persistence of the Dynasty. In: Weissberg, L. (eds) Psychoanalysis, Fatherhood, and the Modern Family. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82124-1_6

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