Pictures with Potential Differential Diagnosis of FGM/C

Abstract

Labial and Clitoral adhesion. Examples of convergence of inner labia under the glans and intersection with clitoral hood.

Fig. 4.1

Labial and Clitoral adhesion. Examples of convergence of inner labia under the glans and intersection with clitoral hood [23]

Fig. 4.2

Total (a) and partial (b) labial adhesion. (Reprinted with permission from John Libbey Eurotext [56])

Fig. 4.3

Partial inferior labial adhesion, 10-years old. (Courtesy of Michal Yaron)

Fig. 4.4

Partial labial adhesion before (a) and after (b) local estrogen treatment, 7-years old. (Courtesy of Michal Yaron)

Fig. 4.5

Partial labial adhesion before (a) and after (b) local estrogen treatment, 3.5-years old. (Courtesy of Michal Yaron)

Fig. 4.6

Labial and clitoral adhesions, 13-months old, from Senegal, referred to exclude FGM/C. Ethnic group: Wolof. (a) First examination, (b) 14 days after local estrogen treatment, (c) 1 month after local estrogen treatment; the labia are not fused anymore and the glans and prepuce of the clitoris are perfectly visible, without any sign of cutting. (Courtesy of Jasmine Abdulcadir and Michal Yaron)

Fig. 4.7

Clitoris/labial agenesis. (a) Clitoris agenesis. (b) Clitoris and right inner labium agenesis [57]

Fig. 4.8

Hymenal bridle, 14-years old. (Courtesy of Michal Yaron)

Fig. 4.9

Imperforate hymen, 12-years old. (Courtesy of Michal Yaron)

Fig. 4.10

Female epispadias, 2-months old. The impression of absence of the glans of the clitoris can be misleading and suggest a history of FGM/C. The hemi-clitorises are visibles at 11 and 1 o’clock. (Courtesy of Michal Yaron)