Abstract
Recent medical advances, such as permissive hypercapnia, inhaled nitric oxide, and the use of oscillatory ventilation, have spared numerous patients from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), yet many children still benefit from this modality. Patients with reversible cardiopulmonary disease who meet criteria should be considered ECMO candidates. As of January 2020, 32,385 neonates (87% survival) and 10,346 paediatric patients (72% survival) have been treated with ECMO for respiratory failure and 8830 neonatal (69% survival) and 12,538 paediatric (72% survival) patients for cardiac failure. ECMO provides an excellent opportunity to provide “rest” to the cardiopulmonary systems, thus avoiding the additional lung or cardiac injury which would otherwise be associated with maintaining life support. This review outlines the indications, contraindications, management approach and complications associated with ECMO, as well as the various bypass configurations and cannulation strategies that may be employed.
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Further Reading
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Fallon, B.P., Gadepalli, S.K., Frischer, J.S., Stolar, C.J.H., Hirschl, R.B. (2023). Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. In: Puri, P., Höllwarth, M.E. (eds) Pediatric Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81488-5_38
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81488-5_38
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