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Thermo-Hydrodynamics of Sea Ice Rubble

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IUTAM Symposium on Physics and Mechanics of Sea Ice

Part of the book series: IUTAM Bookseries ((IUTAMBOOK,volume 39))

Abstract

Results of the field work performed in the end of April (2017–2019) on drifting ice in the Barents Sea region extended between the island Hopen and Bear Island are discussed. The field investigations included measurements of ice rubble sizes and shapes, vertical profiles of ice temperature and salinity inside ice rubble, uniaxial compressive strength of ice cores taken from ice rubble, and vertical permeability of ice rubble. The ocean heat fluxes below the drift ice were measured in several expeditions in the Barents Sea since 2005 including the filed works in 2017–2019. A mathematical model was formulated, and numerical simulations were performed to explain the formation of completely consolidated ice rubble. It is shown that the ocean heat flux, the initial macro-porosity and the initial draft of the rubble are the main parameters influencing the consolidation process when the heat fluxes from the ice into the air are small. Numerical simulations showed that complete consolidation of ice rubble may occur in one year or even several months when the ocean heat flux is of about 20 W/m2 and the initial draft of ice rubble is smaller 10 m.

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Abbreviations

\(P\) :

Pore pressure of brine in sea ice, Pa

\({P}_{w}\) :

Hydrostatic pressure of water, Pa

\({P}_{a}\) :

Atmosphere pressure, Pa

\(q\) :

Flux of liquid brine in sea ice, m/s

\(\mu =1.5\) mPa·s:

The dynamic viscosity of water

\(\kappa\) :

Permeability of sea ice by liquid brine, m2

\({\rho }_{sw}=1020\) kg/m3:

The mean sea water density

\(\rho\) :

Density of sea water brine at the freezing point, kg/m3

\({\rho }_{si}\) :

Sea ice density, kg/m3

\(c=4.19\) kJ/kg·C:

The specific heat capacity of water

\(T\) :

Water temperature, C

\({T}_{si}\) :

Temperature of sea ice, C

\(\sigma\) :

Sea water brine salinity

\({\sigma }_{si}\) :

Sea ice salinity

\({\nu }_{b}\) :

Liquid brine content of sea ice

\({Q}_{w}\) :

The vertical ocean heat flux, W/m2

\(E\) :

Cumulative vertical ocean heat flux, MJ/m2

\({h}_{r}\) :

Ice rubble draft, m

\({h}_{cl}\) :

Consolidated layer thickness, m

\({h}_{ur}\) :

The thickness of unconsolidated ice rubble, m

\(k\) :

Thermal conductivity of sea ice, W/m·C

\({S}_{ur}\) :

The amount of salts in a vertical column of unconsolidated rubble, kg/m2

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Acknowledgements

The author wishes to acknowledge the support of the Research Council of Norway through the SFI SAMCoT and AOCEC (IntPart), and help of students of AT-211 course at UNIS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway

    A. Marchenko

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  1. A. Marchenko
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Correspondence to A. Marchenko .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland

    Jukka Tuhkuri

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland

    Arttu Polojärvi

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Marchenko, A. (2022). Thermo-Hydrodynamics of Sea Ice Rubble. In: Tuhkuri, J., Polojärvi, A. (eds) IUTAM Symposium on Physics and Mechanics of Sea Ice. IUTAM Bookseries, vol 39. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_10

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-80439-8

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