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Generalities of the Coagulation-Flocculation Process: A Perspective on Biocoagulants

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Abstract

Water treatment is a necessity for social and industrial development. Coagulation-flocculation is a fundamental process for the reduction of colloidal particles present in the water to be treated. The use of synthetic coagulants in effluent or wastewater treatment leads to a high production of non-biodegradable sludge and water containing trace elements that are harmful to ecosystems. Biocoagulants are a very efficient alternative that produces a low volume of sludge and has no harmful effects on flora or fauna. This chapter presents the generalities of the coagulation-flocculation process related to water treatment and identifies the advances in the field of biocoagulants. The chapter develops theoretical aspects of colloidal systems, their stability, and the interactions between particles. The coagulation-flocculation process is also described, as well as the influencing factors (temperature, pH, water composition, among others). Finally, the kinetic aspects of the processes of colloidal destabilization, floc formation, and sedimentation are described.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Posgrado en Ingeniería Química, Instituto de Posgrado, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador

    Caroline Lissette Loor-Moreira & Kevin Jhon Fernández-Andrade

  2. Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Empresa Purificadora Aqua Heredia, Aquaher S. A., Rocafuerte, Ecuador

    Kevin Jhon Fernández-Andrade

  3. Departamento Producción, Empresa Purificadora Aqua Heredia, Aquaher S. A., Rocafuerte, Ecuador

    Gabriela S. Cedeño-Solórzano

  4. Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador

    Gema M. Manzaba-Salazar, Yunet Gómez-Salcedo, Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz & Ricardo J. Baquerizo-Crespo

  5. Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil

    Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz

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Correspondence to Ricardo J. Baquerizo-Crespo .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud and Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador

    Naga Raju Maddela

  2. Instituto de Investigación and Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador

    Luz Cecilia García

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Loor-Moreira, C.L. et al. (2021). Generalities of the Coagulation-Flocculation Process: A Perspective on Biocoagulants. In: Maddela, N.R., García, L.C. (eds) Innovations in Biotechnology for a Sustainable Future. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80108-3_16

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