Abstract
Essential oils are natural volatile aromatic oily liquids obtained from several parts of aromatic plants such as herbs and spices, citrus plants, edible plants and flowering plants. They are derived from complex metabolic pathways in order to protect the plant organisms from diverse pathogenic microorganisms and pests. Essential oils contain three major groups of chemical components including terpenes, terpenoids and phenylpropanoids. Being from natural resources, many essential oils are considered as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and they are accepted to be applied in organic food instead of synthetic chemical additives. However, there are a few drawbacks limiting their applications. EOs are practically insoluble in aqueous systems, they usually have strong lipophilicity and volatility. Additionally, their components particularly sensitive to environment such as oxygen, light and temperature. Besides their favor is also an important point to confine applications of EOs. Therefore, encapsulation of essential oils can overcome these limitations. Inclusion complex formation with cyclodextrins for several applications has been widely reported with various preparation techniques. The release kinetics of essential oils from their complexes can be illustrated by mathematical models such as zero-order, first-order and Avrami’s equation kinetics. Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and storage time affect their release from complexes have been reported but these factors can be adjusted to control their release rate. In term of food production, essential oils and their inclusion complex or encapsulated form have been used as natural flavoring agents, natural preservatives, and bioactive components for functional food and active packaging for food products. Although there is still a challenge for commercialization because of higher product cost, it can be popular among the customers who are interested in organic products, whose demand is increasing steadily.
Keywords
- Essential oil
- Cyclodextrin
- Encapsulation
- Application
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options
References
Abarca RL, Rodriguez FJ, Guarda A et al (2015) Characterization of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes containing an essential oil component. Food Chem 196:968–975
Alfatemi SMH, Rad JS, Rad MS et al (2014) Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and in vitro antibacterial activity of Achilleab wilhelmsii C. Koch essential oil on methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus spp. 3. Biotech 5:39–44
Al-Hindawi MK, Al-Deen IH, Nabi MH et al (1989) Antiinflammatory activity of some Iraqi plants using intact rats. J Ethnopharmacol 26:163–168
Almeida R, Marques HC (2004) Pulmonary administration of beclomethasone: a-cyclodextrin complex. In: Duchene D (ed) Proceedings of the 12th international cyclodextrin symposium, Montpellier, France, 2004. APGI Publishing, Paris, pp 889–892
Anaya-Castro MA, Ayala-Zavala JF, Munoz-Castellanos L et al (2017) β-Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes containing clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) and Mexican oregano (Lippia berlandieri) essential oils: preparation, physicochemical and antimicrobial characterization. Food Packag Shelf Life 14:96–101
Anwar F, Naseer R, Bhanger MI et al (2008) Physico-chemical characteristics of citrus seeds and seed oils from Pakistan. J Am Oil Chem Soc 85:321–330
Astray G, Gonzalez-Barreiro C, Mejuto JC et al (2009) A review on the use of cyclodextrins in foods. Food Hydrocoll 23:1631–1640
Ayala-Zavala JF, Soto-Valdez H, Leon AG et al (2008) Microencapsulation of cinnamon leaf (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and garlic (Allium sativum) oils in β-cyclodextrin. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 60:359–368
Ayaz M, Sadiq A, Junaid M et al (2017) Neuroprotective and anti-aging potentials of essential oils from aromatic and medicinal plants. Front Aging Neurosci 9:168
Babaoglu HC, Bayrak A, Ozdemir N et al (2017) Encapsulation of clove essential oil in hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin for characterization, controlled release, and antioxidant activity. J Food Process Preserv 41:13202
Barbosa LCA, Silva CJ, Teixeira RR et al (2013) Chemistry and biological activities of essential oils from Melaleuca L. species. Agric Conspec Sci 78:11–23
Baretta IP, Felizardo RA, Bimbato VF et al (2012) Anxiolytic-like effects of acute and chronic treatment with Achillea millefolium L extract. J Ethnopharmacol 140:46–54
Benelli G, Canale A, Flamini G et al (2013) Biotoxicity of Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae) essential oil against the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), and its parasitoid Psyttalia concolor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Ind Crop Prod 50:596–603
Bhushan M, Beck MH (1997) Allergic contact dermatitis from tea tree oil in a wart paint. Contact Derm 36:117–118
Bilia AR, Guccione C, Isacchi B et al (2014) Essential oils loaded in nanosystems: a developing strategy for a successful therapeutic approach. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014:651593
Bora H, Kamle M, Mahato DK et al (2020) Citrus essential oils (CEOs) and their applications in food: an overview. Plants 9:357
Calcabrini A, Stringaro S, Toccacieli L et al (2004) Terpinen-4-ol, the main component of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil inhibits the in vitro growth of human melanoma cells. J Invest Dermatol 122:349–360
Calo JR, Crandall PG, O’Bryan CA et al (2015) Essential oils as antimicrobials in food systems—a review. Food Control 54:111–119
Candan F, Unlu M, Tepe B et al (2003) Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium Afan. (Asteraceae). J Ethnopharmacol 87:215–220
Carson CF, Hammer KA, Riley TV (2006) Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clin Microbiol Rev 19:50–62
Cavalcanti AM, Baggio CH, Freitas CS et al (2006) Safety and antiulcer efficacy studies of Achillea millefolium L. after chronic treatment in Wistar rats. J Ethnopharmacol 107:277–284
Cavanagh HMA, Wilkinson JM (2002) Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytother Res 16:301–308
Celebioglu A, Yildiz ZI, Uyar T (2018) Thymol/cyclodextrin inclusion complex nanofibrous webs: enhanced water solubility, high thermal stability and antioxidant property of thymol. Food Res Int 106:280–290
Cheirsilp B, Rakmai J (2016) Inclusion complex formation of cyclodextrin with its guest and their applications. Biol Eng Med 2:1–6
Chhikara N, Kour R, Jaglan S et al (2018) Citrus medica: nutritional, phytochemical composition and health benefits—a review. Food Funct 9:1978–1992
Ciobanu A, Landy D, Fourmentin S (2013) Complexation efficiency of cyclodextrins for volatile flavor compounds. Food Res Int 53:110–114
Costa P, Lobo JMS (2001) Modeling and comparison of dissolution profiles. Eur J Pharm Sci 13:123–133
Costa G, Gidaro MC, Vulla D et al (2016) Active components of essential oils as anti-obesity potential drugs investigated by in silico techniques. J Agric Food Chem 64:5295–5300
Cox SD, Mann CM, Markham JL (2001) Interactions between components of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. J Appl Microbiol 91:492–497
Crawford GH, Sciacca JR, James WD (2004) Tea tree oil: cutaneous effects of the extracted oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. Dermatitis 15:59–66
Crini G (2014) Review: a history of cyclodextrins. Chem Rev 114:10940–10975
da Silveira E, Sa RDC, Andrade LN et al (2014) A review on anti-inflammatory activity of phenylpropanoids found in essential oils. Molecules 19:1459–1480
Daferera DJ, Ziogas BN, Polissiou MG (2000) GC-MS analysis of essential oils from some Greek aromatic plants and their fungitoxicity on Penicillium digitatum. J Agric Food Chem 48:2576–2581
Dai L, Ying L (2002) Infrared spectroscopic investigation of hydrogen bonding in EVOH containing PVA fibers. Macromol Mater Eng 287:509–514
Das S, Gazdag Z, Szente L et al (2019) Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of randomly methylated β cyclodextrin-captured essential oils. Food Chem 278:305–313
Dash S, Murthy PN, Nath L et al (2010) Kinetic modeling on drug release from controlled drug delivery systems. Acta Pol Pharm 67:217–223
Desai KGH, Park HJ (2005) Recent developments in microencapsulation of food ingredients. Dry Technol 23:1361–1394
Dosoky NS, Setzer WN (2018) Biological activities and safety of Citrus spp. essential oils. Int J Mol Sci 19:1966
Duarte A, Carvalho C, Miguel G (2016a) Bioactive compounds of citrus as health promoters. In: Silva L, Silva B (eds) Natural bioactive compounds from fruits and vegetables as health promoters. Bentham Science Publishers, Sharjah, pp 29–97
Duarte A, Fernandes MJ, Bernardes JP et al (2016b) Citrus as a component of the Mediterranean diet. JSOD 4:289–304
Dzudie T, Kouebou CP, Essia-Ngang JJ et al (2004) Lipid sources and essential oils effects on quality and stability of beef patties. J Food Eng 65:67–72
El Adab S, Hassouna M (2016) Proteolysis, lipolysis and sensory characteristics of a Tunisian dry fermented poultry meat sausage with oregano and thyme essential oils. J Food Saf 36:19–32
Embuscado ME (2015) 11—Herbs and spices as antioxidants for food preservation. In: Shahidi F (ed) Handbook of antioxidants for food preservation, Woodhead publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition, 1st edn. Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Oxford, pp 251–283
Enshaieh S, Jooya A, Siadat AH et al (2007) The efficacy of 5% topical tea tree oil gel in mild to moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 73:22–25
European Medicines Agency (2013) Committee on herbal medicinal products (HMPC). http://www.ema.europa.eu. Accessed 13 Oct 2020
Evelegh T (1996) Lavender. Lorenz Books, Sydney
Fasseas MK, Mountzouris KC, Tarantilis PA et al (2007) Antioxidant activity in meat treated with oregano and sage essential oils. Food Chem 106:1188–1194
Fenyvesi E, Zemlenyi C, Orgovanyi J et al (2016) Can conversion mixture substitute beta-cyclodextrin in encapsulation of essential oils and their components? J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 86:55–66
Fernandes LP, Ehen Z, Moura TF et al (2004) Characterization of Lippia sidoides oil extract-b-cyclodextrin complexes using combined thermoanalytical techniques. J Therm Anal Calorim 78:557–573
Franz CM (2010) Essential oil research: past, present and future. Flavour Fragr J 25:112–113
Fratianni F, de Martino L, Melone A et al (2010) Preservation of chicken breast meat treated with thyme and balm essential oils. J Food Sci 75:528–535
Frine VC, Hector AP, Manuel NDS et al (2019) Development and characterization of a biodegradable PLA food packaging hold monoterpene–cyclodextrin complexes against Alternaria alternata. Polymers 11:1720
Garcia-Diez J, Alheiro J, Falco V et al (2017) Chemical characterization and antimicrobial properties of herbs and spices essential oils against pathogens and spoilage bacteria associated to dry-cured meat products. J Essent Oil Res 29:117–125
Garcia-Sotelo D, Silva-Espinoza B, Perez-Tello M et al (2019) Antimicrobial activity and thermal stability of rosemary essential oil: β-cyclodextrin capsules applied in tomato juice. LWT Food Sci Technol 111:837–845
Gattefosse RM (1937) Gattefosse’s aromatherapy. C.W. Daniel, Saffron Walden
Gaur S, Lopez EC, Ojha A et al (2018) Functionalization of lipid-based nutrient supplement with β-cyclodextrin inclusions of oregano essential oil. J Food Sci 83:1748–1756
Gibaldi M, Feldman S (1967) Establishment of sink conditions in dissolution rate determinations, theoretical considerations and application to nondisintegrating dosage forms. J Pharm Sci 56:1238–1242
Gomez-Rincon C, Langa E, Murillo P et al (2014) Activity of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oil against L3 larvae of Anisakis simplex. Bio Med Res Int 549510:6
Grieve M (1931) A modem herbal. Harcourt Brace & Co, New York
Haloci E, Toska V, Shkreli R et al (2014) Encapsulation of Satureja montana essential oil in β-cyclodextrin. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 80:147–153
Hammer KA (2015) Treatment of acne with tea tree oil (melaleuca) products: a review of efficacy, tolerability and potential modes of action. Int J Antimicrob Agents 45:106–110
Hammer K, Carson C, Riley T (1999) Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. J Appl Microbiol 86:985–990
Hartford O, Zug KA (2005) Tea tree oil. Cutis 76:178–180
Hedges AR, Shieh WJ, Sikorski CT (1995) Use of cyclodextrins for encapsulation in the use and treatment of food products. In: Encapsulation and controlled release of food ingredients, ACS symposium series, vol 590. ASC Publications, Washington, DC, pp 60–71
Hill LE, Gomes C, Taylor TM (2013) Characterization of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes containing essential oils (trans-cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, cinnamon bark, and clove bud extracts) for antimicrobial delivery applications. LWT Food Sci Technol 51:86–93
Hirayama F, Uekama K (1987) Methods of investigating and preparing inclusion compounds. In: Duchene D (ed) Cyclodextrins and their industrial uses. Les editions de Sante, Paris, pp 131–172
Ho S, Thoo YY, Young DJ et al (2017) Cyclodextrin encapsulated catechin: effect of pH, relative humidity and various food models on antioxidant stability. Food Sci Technol 85:232–239
Hsin-Chun C, Ming-Jen S, Li-Yun L et al (2007) Chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Psidium guajava L. from Taiwan. J Essent Oil Res 19:345–347
Huang H, Huang C, Yin C et al (2020) Preparation and characterization of β-cyclodextrin–oregano essential oil microcapsule and its effect on storage behavior of purple yam. J Sci Food Agric 100:4849–4857
Jaiarj P, Khoohaswan P, Wongkrajang Y et al (1999) Anticough and antimicrobial activities of Psidium guajava Linn. leaf extract. J Ethnopharmacol 67:203–212
Jonsdottir G, Omarsdottird S, Vikingssona A et al (2011) Aqueous extracts from Menyanthes trifoliate and Achillea millefolium affect maturation of human dendritic cells and their activation of allogeneic CD4+ T cells in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 136:88–93
Ju J, Chen X, Xie Y et al (2019) Application of essential oil as a sustained release preparation in food packaging. Trends Food Sci Technol 92:22–32
Junco S, Casimiro T, Ribeiro N et al (2002) A comparative study of naproxen–beta cyclodextrin complexes prepared by conventional methods and using supercritical carbon dioxide. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 44:117–121
Karamenderes C, Apaydin S (2003) Antispasmodic effect of Achillea nobilis L. subsp. sipylea (O. Schwarz) Bassler on rat isolated duodenum. J Ethnopharmacol 84:175–179
Kfoury M, Auezova L, Ruellan S et al (2015) Complexation of estragole as pure compound and as main component of basil and tarragon essential oils with cyclodextrins. Carbohydr Polym 118:156–164
Kfoury M, Auezova L, Greige-Gerges H et al (2016) Release studies of trans-anethole from β-cyclodextrin solid inclusion complexes by multiple headspace extraction. Carbohydr Polym 151:1245–1250
Kfoury M, Auezova L, Greige-Gerges H et al (2019) Encapsulation in cyclodextrins to widen the applications of essential oils. Environ Chem Lett 17:129–143
Khaneghah AM, Hashemi SMB, Limbo S (2018) Antimicrobial agents and packaging systems in antimicrobial active food packaging: an overview of approaches and interactions. Food Bioprod Process 111:1–19
Kringel DH, da Silva WMF, Biduski B et al (2020) Free and encapsulated orange essential oil into a β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and zein to delay fungal spoilage in cakes. J Food Process Preserv 44:14411
Kytariolos J, Dokoumetzidis AP, Macheras P (2010) Power law IVIVC: an application of fractional kinetics for drug release and absorption. Eur J Pharm Sci 41:299–304
Lagouri V, Boskou D (1995) Screening for antioxidant activity of essential oils obtained from spices. In: Charalambous G (ed) Food flavors: generation, analysis and process influence. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 869–879
Lawless J (2002) The complete illustrated guide to aromatherapy. In: A practical approach to the use of essential oils for health and well-being. Harper Collins, London
Lawless J (2014) The encyclopedia of essential oils, 2nd edn. Harper Thorsons, London
Lee MS, Choi JC (2012) Aromatherapy for health care: an overview of systematic reviews. Maturitas 3:257–260
Letizia CS, Cocchiara J, Lalko J et al (2003) Fragrance material review on linalool. Food Chem Toxicol 41:943–964
Lira MCB, Ferraz MS, da Silva DGVC et al (2009) Inclusion complex of usnic acid with β-cyclodextrin: characterization and nanoencapsulation into liposomes. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 64:215–224
Lis-Balchin M, Deans SG, Eaglesham E (1998) Relationship between bioactivity and chemical composition of commercial essential oils. Flavour Fragr J 13:98–104
Liu H, Yang G, Tang Y et al (2013) Physicochemical characterization and pharmacokinetics evaluation of β-caryophyllene/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Int J Pharm 450:304–310
Locci E, Lai S, Piras A et al (2004) 13C-CPMAS and 1H-NMR study of the inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin with carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide. Chem Biodivers 1:1354–1366
Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Menichini F et al (2015) Anti-rancidity effect of essential oils, application in the lipid stability of cooked Turkey meat patties and potential implications for health. Int J Food Sci Nutr 66:50–57
Lopez-Nicolas JM, Rodriguez-Bonilla P, Garcia-Carmona F (2014) Cyclodextrins and antioxidants. Crit Rev Food Sci 54:251–276
Lozoya X, Reyes-Morales H, Chavez-Soto MA et al (2002) Intestinal anti-spasmodic effect of a phytodrug of Psidium guajava folia in the treatment of acute diarrheic disease. J Ethnopharmacol 83:19–24
Macwan SR, Dabhi BK, Aparnathi KD et al (2016) Essential oils of herbs and spices: their antimicrobial activity and application in preservation of food. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 5:885–901
Mangolim CS, Moriwaki C, Nogueira AC et al (2014) Curcumin-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex: stability, solubility, characterisation by FT-IR, FT-Raman, X-ray diffraction and photoacoustic spectroscopy, and food application. Food Chem 153:361–370
Manosroi J, Dhumtanom P, Manosroi A (2006) Anti-proliferative activity of essential oil extracted from Thai medicinal plants on KB and P388 cell lines. Cancer Lett 235:114–120
Marques CS, Carvalho SG, Bertoli LD et al (2019) β-Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with essential oils: obtention, characterization, antimicrobial activity and potential application for food preservative sachets. Food Res Int 119:499–509
Marreto RN, Almeida EECV, Alves PB et al (2008) Thermal analysis and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry analyses of hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin inclusion complex containing Lippia gracilis essential oil. Thermochim Acta 475:53–58
Martinez-Gracia C, Gonzalez-Bermudez CA, Cabellero-Valcarcel AM et al (2015) Use of herbs and spices for food preservation: advantages and limitations. Curr Opin Food Sci 6:38–43
Martins AD, Craveiro A, Machado M et al (2007) Preparation and characterization of Mentha × villosa Hudson oil–β-cyclodextrin complex. J Therm Anal Calorim 88:363–371
Matencio A, Garcia-Carmona F, Lopez-Nicolas JM (2016) Encapsulation of piceatannol, a naturally occurring hydroxylated analogue of resveratrol, by natural and modified cyclodextrins. Food Funct 7:2367–2373
Matencio A, Garcia-Carmona F, Lopez-Nicolas JM (2017) The inclusion complex of oxyresveratrol in modified cyclodextrins: a thermodynamic, structural, physicochemical, fluorescent and computational study. Food Chem 232:177–184
Mohamed HMH, Mansour HA (2012) Incorporating essential oils of marjoram and rosemary in the formulation of beef patties manufactured with mechanically deboned poultry meat to improve the lipid stability and sensory attributes. LWT Food Sci Technol 45:79–87
Moon T, Cavanagh HMA, Wilkinson JM (2004a) Lavender as an antibacterial essential oil—are all lavenders equal? In: AICA national conference 46 (abstracts)
Moon T, Chan YF, Wilkinson JM et al (2004b) Antifungal activity of Lava~zdula essential oil and oil volatiles. In: AICA national conference 46 (abstracts)
Nelson RRS (1997) In-vitro activities of five plant essential oils against methacilh-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enferococcus faecium. J Antimicrob Chemother 40:305–306
Nerome H, Machmudah S, Fukuzato R et al (2013) Nanoparticle formation of lycopene/βcyclodextrin inclusion complex using supercritical antisolvent precipitation. J Supercrit Fluids 83:97–103
Noichinda W, Suppavorasatit I (2019) Enhancement of essential oil stability by cyclodextrins inclusion complex. J Food Technol (Siam University) 14:108–119
Ogunwande LA, Olawore NO, Adeleke KA et al (2003) Chemical composition of the leaf volatile oil of Psidium guajava L. growing in Nigeria. Flavour Fragr J 18:136–138
Oh WK, Lee CH, Lee MS et al (2005) Antidiabetic effects of extracts from Psidium guajava. J Ethnopharmacol 96:411–415
Othman M, Atiqah SN, Hassan MA et al (2016) Essential oils from the Malaysian Citrus (Rutaceae) medicinal plants. Medicines 3:13
Palazzolo E, Laudicina VA, Germana MA (2013) Current and potential use of citrus essential oils. Curr Org Chem 17:3042–3049
Paliyath G, Pessoa FL, Sidhu JS et al (2010) Handbook of fruit and vegetable flavors. Wiley, Hoboken
Pan J, Ai F, Shao P et al (2019) Development of polyvinyl alcohol/β-cyclodextrin antimicrobial nanofibers for fresh mushroom packaging. Food Chem 300:125249
Pateiro M, Barba FJ, Dominguez R et al (2018) Essential oils as natural additives to prevent oxidation reactions in meat and meat products: a review. Food Res Int 113:156–166
Pazyar N, Yaghoobi R, Bagherani N et al (2013) A review of applications of tea tree oil in dermatology. Int J Dermatol 52:784–790
Petrovic GM, Stojanovic GS, Radulovic NS (2013) Encapsulation of cinnamon oil in b-cyclodextrin. J Med Plant Res 4:1382–1390
Phunpee S, Ruktanonchai UR, Yoshii H et al (2017) Encapsulation of lemongrass oil with cyclodextrins by spray drying and its controlled release characteristics. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 81:718–723
Posadzki P, Alotaibi A, Ernst E (2012) Adverse effects of aromatherapy: a systematic review of case reports and case series. Int J Risk Saf Med 24:147–161
Potrich FB, Allemand A, Silva LM et al (2010) Antiulcerogenic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium L.: involvement of the antioxidant system. J Ethnopharmacol 130:85–92
Prakash B, Kedia A, Mishra PK et al (2015) Plant essential oils as food preservatives to control moulds, mycotoxin contamination and oxidative deterioration of agri-food commodities-potentials and challenges. Food Control 47:381–391
Rakmai J, Cheirsilp B, Torrado-Agrasar A et al (2017a) Physico-chemical characterization and evaluation of bio-efficacies of black pepper essential oil encapsulated in hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Food Hydrocoll 65:157–164
Rakmai J, Cheirsilp B, Torrado-Agrasar A et al (2017b) Encapsulation of yarrow essential oil in hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin: physiochemical characterization and evaluation of bio-efficacies. CYTA J Food 15:409–417
Rakmai J, Cheirsilp B, Mejuto JC et al (2018) Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of encapsulated guava leaf oil in hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Ind Crop Prod 111:219–225
Rashed AA, Mohd Nawi MN, Sulaiman K (2017) Assessment of essential oil as a potential anti-obesity agent: a narrative review assessment of essential oil as a potential anti-obesity agent: a narrative review. J Essent Oil Res 29:1–10
Reeds PJ (2000) Dispensable and indispensable amino acids for humans. J Nutr 130:1835–1840
Reineccius TA, Reineccius GA, Peppard TL (2002) Encapsulation of flavors using cyclodextrins: comparison of flavor retention in alpha, beta, and gamma types. Food Sci Nutr 67:3271–3279
Ren X, Yue S, Xiang H et al (2018) Inclusion complexes of eucalyptus essential oil with β-cyclodextrin: preparation, characterization and controlled release. J Porous Mater 25:1577–1586
Ribeiro-Santos R, Andrade M, Sanches-Silva A (2017) Application of encapsulated essential oils as antimicrobial agents in food packaging. Curr Opin Food Sci 14:78–84
Rodríguez-López MI, Mercader-Ros MT, Lucas-Abellan C et al (2020) Comprehensive characterization of linalool-HP-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. Molecules 25:5069
Sacchetti G, Maietti S, Muzzoli MV et al (2005) Comparative evaluation of 11 essential oils of different origin as functional antioxidants: antiradicals and antimicrobials in foods. Food Chem 91:621–632
Saenger W (1980) Cyclodextrin inclusion compounds in research and industry. Angew Chem Int Ed 19:344–362
Satchell AC, Saurajen A, Bell C et al (2002) Treatment of dandruff with 5% tea tree oil shampoo. J Am Acad Dermatol 47:852–855
Sharafati-Chaleshtori R, Rokni N, Rafieian-Kopaei M et al (2015) Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil in beef burger. J Agric Sci Technol 17:817–826
Sharma H, Mendiratta SK, Agrawal RK et al (2017) Use of various essential oils as bio preservatives and their effect on the quality of vacuum packaged fresh chicken sausages under frozen conditions. LWT Food Sci Technol 81:118–127
Shiga H, Yoshii H, Nishiyama T et al (2001) Flavor encapsulation and release characteristics of spray-dried powder by the blended encapsulant of cyclodextrin and gum Arabic. Dry Technol 19:1385–1395
Shiga H, Yoshii H, Taguchi R et al (2003) Release characteristics of flavor from spray-dried powder in boiling water and during rice cooking. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 67:426–428
Silva F, Caldera F, Trotta F et al (2019) Encapsulation of coriander essential oil in cyclodextrin nanosponges: a new strategy to promote its use in controlled-release active packaging. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 56:102177
Simionato I, Domingues FC, Nerin C et al (2019) Encapsulation of cinnamon oil in cyclodextrin nanosponges and their potential use for antimicrobial food packaging. Food Chem Toxicol 132:110647
Singh G, Marimuthu P, Catalan C et al (2004) Chemical, antioxidant and antifungal activities of volatile oil of black pepper and its acetone extract. J Sci Food Agric 84:1878–1884
Siqueira-Lima PS, Araujo AA, Lucchese AM et al (2014) β-Cyclodextrin complex containing Lippia grata leaf essential oil reduces orofacial nociception in mice–evidence of possible involvement of descending inhibitory pain modulation pathway. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 114:188–196
Skocibusic M, Bezic N, Dunkic V et al (2004) Antibacterial activity of Achillea clavennae essential oil against respiratory tract pathogens. Fitoterapia 75:733–736
Tao F, Hill LE, Peng Y et al (2014) Synthesis and characterization of ß-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of thymol and thyme oil for antimicrobial delivery applications. LWT Food Sci Technol 59:247–255
Trumbeckaite S, Benetis R, Bumblauskiene L et al (2011) Achillea millefolium L. s.l. herb extract: antioxidant activity and effect on the rat heart mitochondrial functions. Food Chem 127:1540–1548
Vlachou M, Papamichael M, Siamidi A et al (2017) Comparative in vitro controlled release studies on the chronobiotic hormone melatonin from cyclodextrins-containing matrices and cyclodextrin: melatonin complexes. Int J Mol Sci 18:1641
Wadhwa G, Kumar S, Chhabra L et al (2017) Essential oil–cyclodextrin complexes: an updated review. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 89:39–58
Wen P, Zhu DH, Feng K et al (2016) Fabrication of electrospun polylactic acid nanofilm incorporating cinnamon essential oil/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex for antimicrobial packaging. Food Chem 196:996–1004
Wichtl M (1997) Teedrogen und phytopharmaka. Wissenschaftliche, Stuttgart, pp 395–399
Wolffenbuttel AN, Zamboni A, Becker G et al (2018) Citrus essential oils inhalation by mice: behavioral testing, GCMS plasma analysis, corticosterone, and melatonin levels evaluation. Phytother Res 32:160–169
Xi J, Qian D, Duan J et al (2015) Preparation, characterization and pharmacokinetic study of Xiangfu Siwu decoction essential oil/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Molecules 20:10705–10720
Yildiz ZI, Celebioglu A, Kilic ME et al (2018) Fast-dissolving carvacrol/cyclodextrin inclusion complex electrospun fibers with enhanced thermal stability, water solubility, and antioxidant activity. J Mater Sci 53:15837–15849
Zhang L, Man S, Qiu H et al (2016) Curcumin-cyclodextrin complexes enhanced the anti-cancer effects of curcumin. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 48:31–38
Zhu G, Xiao Z, Zhou R et al (2014) Study of production and pyrolysis characteristics of sweet orange flavor-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Carbohydr Polym 105:75–80
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rakmai, J., Mejuto, JC., Sang, Y., Jafari, S.M., Xiao, J., Simal-Gandara, J. (2021). Encapsulation of Essential Oils. In: Ho, T.M., Yoshii, H., Terao, K., Bhandari, B.R. (eds) Functionality of Cyclodextrins in Encapsulation for Food Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80056-7_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80056-7_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-80055-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-80056-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)