Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Building Climate Resilience in Agriculture

Abstract

Agricultural production is low in many parts of the world which is subjected to limited adaptability toward adverse events. Climate change (CC) is estimated to decrease productivity on even lower levels and has made production more inconsistent. Many countries all over the world have planned to accept climate smart agriculture (CSA) approach to make improvements in agriculture. The CSA refers to a combined set of technologies and practices that simultaneously improve farm productivity as well as monetary return, enhance adaptability to CC, and minimize the emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG). The concept of CSA is gaining significance at national and international levels to cope with future challenges of the agricultural-related plannings. The CSA is a notion that calls for the combination of the need of adaptability to CC and strategies for mitigation in agriculture to ensure food security. For instance, strategies like the use of renewable energy for agriculture, i.e., pyrolysis units, solar panels, windmills, as well as water pumps are very vital for food production. The concept of CSA comprehends three major stakes (productivity, adaptation, and mitigation), but the literature has not fully addressed them in an integrated way. Adaptation and productivity were of prime importance for poor and under developing countries, while mitigation was mainly addressed in developed countries. The utmost challenge for policymakers and stakeholders to operationalize CSA is the identification, assessment (cost-benefit ratio), as well as subsequent ordering of CSA options and portfolios for investment. The aims of CSA are to sustainably increase farmer’s resilience, improve agricultural productivity, achieve food security and sustainable development goals in addition to reduce emissions of GHG.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abbas G, Fatima Z, Tariq M, Ahmed M,ur Rahman MH, Nasim W, Ahmad S (2020) Applications of Crop Modeling in Cotton Production. In Cotton Production and Uses (pp. 429-445). Springer, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad MI, Ali A, Ali MA, Khan SR, Hassan, SW, Javed MM (2014) Use of Crop Growth Models in Agriculture: A Review. Sci Inter pp: 26

    Google Scholar 

  • Akinci H, Ozalp AY, Turgut B (2013) Agricultural land use suitability analysis using GIS and AHP technique. Computers Electronics in Agriculture 97: 71-82

    Google Scholar 

  • Akram R, Turan V, Hammad HM, Ahmad S, Hussain S, Hasnain A, Maqbool MM, Rehmani MIA, Rasool A, Masood N, Mahmood F (2018) Fate of organic and inorganic pollutants in paddy soils. In Environmental Pollution of Paddy Soils (pp. 197-214). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93671-0_13

  • Ali M, Mubeen M, Hussain N, Wajid A, Farid HU, Awais M, Hussain S, Akram W, Amin A, Akram R, Imran M (2019) Role of ICT in Crop Management. In Agronomic Crops (pp. 637-652). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9783-8_28

  • Allison EH, Perry AL, Badjeck MC, Adger WN, Brown K, Conway D, Halls S, Pilling GM, Reynolds JD, Andrew NL, Dulvy NK (2009) Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate. Fish and Fisheries, 24 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Amin A, Mubeen M, Hammad HM, Nasim W (2015) Climate Smart Agriculture: an approach for sustainable food security. Agric Res Commun 2(3): 13-21

    Google Scholar 

  • Aslam M, Zamir M S I, Afzal I, Yaseen M, Mubeen M, Shoaib A (2013) Drought stress, its effect on maize production and development of drought tolerance through potassium application. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova, 46(2), 99-114

    Google Scholar 

  • Awais M et al. (2018). Potential impacts of climate change Climate change impact assessment and adaptation strategies for sunflower in Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25 (14): 13719-13730

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett C B, Constas M A (2014) Toward a theory of resilience for international development applications. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(40): 14625–14630

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Braimoh AK, Osaki M. (2010) Land use change and environmental sustainability. Sustain Sci 5: 5-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corsi S, Friedrich T, Kassam A, Pisante M, Sa JM (2012) Soil organic carbon accumulation and carbon budget in conservation agriculture: a review of evidence. Vol. 16. FAO Integrated Crop Management

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis K, Nkonya E, Kato E, Mekonnen D A, Odendo M, Miiro R, Nkuba J (2012) Impact of farmer field schools on agricultural productivity and poverty in East Africa. World Develop 40(2): 402–413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawar K, Rahman U, Alam S S, Tariq M, Khan A, Fahad S, Noor M (2021) Nitrification Inhibitor and Plant Growth Regulators Improve Wheat Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 1-11

    Google Scholar 

  • Derpsch R, Friedrich T, Kassam A, Li H (2010) Current status of adoption of no-till farming in the world and some of its main benefits, Inter J Agri Bio Engineer 3: 1-25

    Google Scholar 

  • Deutsch CA, Tewksbury JJ, Huey RB, Sheldon KS, Ghalambor CK, Haak DC, Martin PR (2008) Impacts of climate warming on terrestrial ecotherms across latitude. Proc. Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 6668–6672

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Di Falco S, Veronesi M, Yesuf M (2011) Does adaptation to climate change provide food security? A micro-perspective from Ethiopia. American J Agri Economics 93(3): 829–846

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fahad S, Bajwa A A, Nazir U, Anjum S A, Farooq A, Zohaib A, Huang J (2017) Crop production under drought and heat stress: plant responses and management options. Frontiers in plant science, 8, 1147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fahad S, Hussain S, Saud S, Khan F, Hassan S, Nasim W, Huang J (2016) Exogenously applied plant growth regulators affect heat-stressed rice pollens. Journal of agronomy and crop science, 202(2), 139-150

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fahad S, Hussain S, Saud S, Tanveer M, Bajwa A A, Hassan S, Shah F (2015) A biochar application protects rice pollen from high-temperature stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 96, 281-287

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fahad S, Ihsan M Z, Khaliq A, Daur I, Saud S, Alzamanan S, Wang D (2018) Consequences of high temperature under changing climate optima for rice pollen characteristics-concepts and perspectives. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 64(11), 1473-1488

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FAO (2012) Mainstreaming climate-smart agriculture into broader landscape approach: Second Global Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change. Hanoi, Vietnam. 2012

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (2013) Climate-Smart Agriculture Source Book. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2013. http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3325e/i3325e.pdf. Accessed 12th June, 2015

  • FAO (2015) Regional overview of food insecurity: African food insecurity prospects brighter than ever. Accra

    Google Scholar 

  • Fellmann T (2012) The assessment of Climate Change-related vulnerability in the agricultural sector: reviewing conceptual frameworks. FAO/OECD Workshop. Building Resilience for Adaptation to Climate change in the Agriculture sector. Red Room, FAO

    Google Scholar 

  • Gbetibouo G, Hassan R, Ringler C (2010) Modelling farmers’ adaptations strategies to climate change and variability: The case of the Limpopo Basin, South Africa. Agrekon 49(2): 217–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gommes R, Acunzo M, Baas S, Bernardi M, Jost S, Mukhala E, Ramasamy S (2010) Communication approaches in applied agrometeorology, In K. Stigter, ed. Applied Agrometeorology, Heidelberg, Springer, pp. 263–287

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gustavsson J, Cederberg C, Sonesson U, van Otterdijk R, Meybeck A (2011) Global food losses and food waste: extent, causes and prevention. Rome, FAO

    Google Scholar 

  • Hussain S (2018) Land Use/Land Cover Classification by Using Satellite NDVI Tool for Sustainable Water and Climate Change in Southern Punjab. COMSATS University Islamabad. DOI: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32363.69923

  • Hussain S, Ahmad A, Wajid A, Khaliq T, Hussain N, Mubeen M, Farid HU, Imran M, Hammad HM, Awais M, Ali A, Aslam M, Amin A, Akram R, Amanet K, Nasim W (2020a) Irrigation Scheduling for Cotton Cultivation. In Cotton Production and Uses (pp. 59-80). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1472-2_5

  • Hussain S, Mubeen M, Ahmad A, Akram W, Hammad H M, Ali M, Masood N, Amin A, Farid HU, Sultana SR, Fahad S (2020b) Using GIS tools to detect the land use/land cover changes during forty years in Lodhran District of Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, 39676–39692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06072-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain S, Mubeen M, Akram W, Ahmad A, Habib-ur-Rahman M, Ghaffar A, Amin A, Awais M, Farid HU, Farooq A, Nasim W (2020c) Study of land cover/land use changes using RS and GIS: a case study of Multan district, Pakistan. Environment Monitoring and Assessment 192(1): p. 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7959-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007) Technical Summary. In Climate change 2007: mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge, UK, and New York, USA, Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Iqbal J, DitommasoA, RehmaniMIA, JabranK, Hussain S, Nasim W, Fahad S, Shehzad MA, Ali A (2019) Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) control through interference by summer crops. International Journal of Agriculture Biology, 21: 1083–1088

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jabran K, HussainM, Fahad S, Farooq M, Bajwa AA, Alharrby H, Nasim W (2016) Economic assessment of different mulches in conventional and water-saving rice production systems. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23 (9): 9156-9163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jat HS, Choudhary M, Datta A, Yadav A K, Meena MD, Devi R, Sharma PC (2020) Temporal changes in soil microbial properties and nutrient dynamics under climate smart agriculture practices. Soil and Tillage Research, 199, 104595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104595

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khoi DD, Murayama Y (2010). Delineation of suitable cropland areas using a GIS based multi-criteria evaluation approach in the Tam Dao National Park Region, Vietnam. Sustain 2: 2024-2043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lipper L, Thornton P, Campbell BM, Baedeker T, Braimoh A, Bwalya M, Caron P, Cattaneo A, Garrity D (2014) Climate-smart agriculture for food security. In: Nature Climate Change pp. 1068–1072. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2437

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy N, Brubaker J (2014) Climate-Smart Agriculture and Resource Tenure in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Conceptual Framework. Rome, FAO

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy N, Lipper L, Branca G (2011) Climate-smart agriculture: smallholder adoption and implications for climate change adaptation and mitigation. FAO, MICCA Series No. 4. Rome, FAO

    Google Scholar 

  • Merino G, Barange M, Blanchard JL, Harle J, Holmes R, Allen I, Allison EH, Badjeck MC, Dulvy NK, Holt J, Jennings S, Mullon C, Rodwell LD (2012) Can marine fisheries and aquaculture meet fish demand from a growing human population in a changing climate? Global Environ Change 22(4): 795—806. available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378012000271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moussa B, Nkonya E, Meyer S, Kato E, Johnson T, Hawkins J (2016) Economics of land degradation and improvement in Niger. In Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement–A Global Assessment for Sustainable Development, Springer International Publishing pp. 499–539

    Google Scholar 

  • Mubeen M, Ahmad A, Hammad H M, Awais M, Farid H U, Saleem M, Nasim W (2020) Evaluating the climate change impact on water use efficiency of cotton-wheat in semi-arid conditions using DSSAT model. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 11(4), 1661-1675

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mubeen M, Ahmad A, Khaliq T, Sultana S R, Hussain S, Ali A, Nasim W (2013a) Effect of growth stage-based irrigation schedules on biomass accumulation and resource use efficiency of wheat cultivars

    Google Scholar 

  • Mubeen M, Ahmad A, Wajid A, Bakhsh A (2013b) Evaluating different irrigation scheduling criteria for autumn-sown maize under semi-arid environment. Pak. J. Bot, 45(4), 1293-1298

    Google Scholar 

  • Mubeen M, Ahmad A, Wajid A, Khaliq T, Bakhsh A (2013c) Evaluating CSM-CERES-Maize Model for Irrigation Scheduling in Semi-arid Conditions of Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 15(1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mubeen M, Ahmad A, Wajid A, Khaliq T, Hammad H M, Sultana S R, Nasim W (2016) Application of CSM-CERES-Maize model in optimizing irrigated conditions. Outlook on Agriculture, 45(3), 173-184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mubeen M, Bano A, Ali B, Islam ZU, Ahmad A, Hussain S, Fahad S, Nasim W (2021) Effect of plant growth promoting bacteria and drought on spring maize (Zea mays L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 53(2): 731-739. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30848/PJB2021-2(38)

  • Mundial B (2012) Agricultural Innovation Systems: An Investment Sourcebook. World Bank, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Nasim W, Ahmad A, Ahmad S, Nadeem M, Masood N, Shahid M, Mubeen M, Hoogenboom G (2017a) Response of sunflower hybrids to nitrogen application grown under different Agro-environments. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 40 (1) : 82-92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nasim W, Ahmad A, Khaliq T, Wajid A, Hussain A, Hammad M, Sultana SR, Mubeen M (2012) Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on maize hybrids under agro-ecological conditions of Faisalabad-Pakistan. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 07 (15): 2713-2719

    Google Scholar 

  • Nasim W, Akram R, Mubeen M (2017b) Ozone layer protection-greening the blue published by Technology Times Publishers: (http://www.technologytimes.pk/ozone-layer-protection-greening-the-blue/)

  • NHB (2011) National Horticulture Database, 2011, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, Gurgaon, pp: 278

    Google Scholar 

  • Nkonya E, Johnson T, Kwon HY, Kato E (2016) Economics of land degradation in sub- Saharan Africa In: E. Nkonya, A. Mirzabaev and J. von Braun (eds). Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement – A Global Assessment for Sustainable Development. Springer, New York: 215–260

    Google Scholar 

  • Pathak H, Aggarwal PK, Singh SD (2012) Climate Change Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation in Agriculture: Methodology for Assessment and Applications. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. pp: 302

    Google Scholar 

  • Pender J, Mirzabaev A, Kato E (2009) Economic Analysis of Sustainable Land Management Options in Central Asia. Final report for the ADB. IFPRI/ICARDA, 168

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahman MH, Ahmad I, Ghaffar A, Haider G, Ahmad A, Ahmad B, Ahmad S (2020) Climate Resilient Cotton Production System: A Case Study in Pakistan. In Cotton Production and Uses (pp. 447-484). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1472-2_22

  • Sabagh A E, Hossain A, Islam M S, Iqbal M A, Fahad S, Ratnasekera D, Llanes A (2020) Consequences and Mitigation Strategies of Heat Stress for Sustainability of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) Production under the Changing Climate. In Plant Stress Physiology. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92098

  • Saeed HS, RasulF, Sarfaraz M, Mubeen M, Nasim W (2013) Allelopathic Potential Assessment of Jaman (Syzygium cumini L.) on Wheat. Int. Poster J. Sci. Tech. 03 (1) : 09-14

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandhu et al. (2010) Organic agriculture and ecosystem services. Environ Sci Policy 13: 1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saud S, Fahad S, Yajun C, Ihsan MZ, Hammad HM, Nasim W, Arif M, Alharby H (2017) Effects of Nitrogen Supply on Water Stress and Recovery Mechanisms in Kentucky Bluegrass Plants. Frontier in Plant Sci 8:983: 01-18

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherr SJ, Shames S, Friedman R (2012) From climate-smart agriculture to climate-smart landscapes. Agriculture & Food Security 2012, 1:12, Agriculture and Food Security. http://www.agricultureandfoodsecurity.com/content/1/1/12

  • Schlenker W, Lobell DB (2010) Robust negative impacts of climate change on African agriculture. Environ Res Letters 5(1): 014010

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Suppasri A, Mas E, Charvet I, Gunasekera R, Imai K, Fukutani Y, Abe Y, Imamura F (2013) Building Damage Characteristics Based on Surveyed Data and Fragility Curves of the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami. Natural Hazards, 66: 319-341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0487-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takeshima H, Edeh H (2013) Typology of Farm Households and Irrigation Systems: Some Evidence from Nigeria, IFPRI Discussion Paper 01267. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington D.C

    Google Scholar 

  • Tebrügge F, Epperlein J (2011) ECAF Position Paper: The Importance of Conservation Agriculture within the Framework of the Climate Discussion In, ECAF, European Conservation Agriculture Federation, http://www.ecaf.org/docs/ecaf/positionpaperco2ecaf.pdf

  • Torero M (2015) Consistency between Theory and Practice in Policy Recommendation by International Organizations for Extreme Price and Extreme Volatility Situations

    Google Scholar 

  • Wajid A, Ahmad A, Hussain M, ur Rahman MH, Khaliq T, Mubeen M, Sultana SR (2014) Modeling growth, development and seed-cotton yield for varying nitrogen increments and planting dates using DSSAT. Pak J Agric Sci 51: 641-650

    Google Scholar 

  • Westhoek H, Rood T, Van den Berg M, Janse J, Nijdam D, Reudink M, Stehfest E (2011) The protein puzzle: the consumption and production of meat, dairy and fish in the European Union. The Hague, PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. (available at http://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/cms/publicaties/Protein_Puzzle_web_1.pdf)

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2015) Policy and Legislation Agbiz leads on Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) in LCTPi. Policy

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahoor SA, Ahmad S, Ahmad A, Wajid A, Khaliq T, Mubeen M, Hussain S, Din MSU, Amin A, Awais M, Nasim W (2019) Improving Water Use Efficiency in Agronomic Crop Production. In Agronomic Crops (pp. 13-29). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9783-8_2

  • Zingore S (2010) SOC sequestration in farming systems in Africa: Potential, opportunities and challenges, In: 2nd Meeting of the Round Table on Organic Agriculture and Climate Change, RTOACC, 2010

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan

    Sajjad Hussain, Muhammad Mubeen, Muhammad Shahid, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad, Syeda Refat Sultana, Behzad Murtaza, Muhammad Amjad, Khizer Amanet & Mazhar Ali

  2. Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Asad Amin

  3. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

    Tasneem Khaliq

  4. Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan

    Muhammad Awais & Wajid Nasim

  5. Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan

    Shah Fahad

  6. Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha (UoS), Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan

    Amjed Ali

  7. Department of Zoology, University of Education, Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan

    Naveed Ahmad

Authors
  1. Sajjad Hussain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Asad Amin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Muhammad Mubeen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tasneem Khaliq
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Muhammad Shahid
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Syeda Refat Sultana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Muhammad Awais
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Behzad Murtaza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Muhammad Amjad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Shah Fahad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Khizer Amanet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Amjed Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. Mazhar Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. Naveed Ahmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. Wajid Nasim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muhammad Mubeen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Bahawalpur, Pakistan

    Wajid Nasim Jatoi

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan

    Muhammad Mubeen

  3. Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, Bangkok, Thailand

    Ashfaq Ahmad

  4. Boreal Ecosystem and Agricultural Sciences, School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University-Grenfell Campus, Corner Brook, NL, Canada

    Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema

  5. International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Zhaohui Lin

  6. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Hussain, S. et al. (2022). Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies. In: Jatoi, W.N., Mubeen, M., Ahmad, A., Cheema, M.A., Lin, Z., Hashmi, M.Z. (eds) Building Climate Resilience in Agriculture. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79408-8_20

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation