Skip to main content

A Comparative Assessment of State-Of-The-Art Methods for Multilingual Unsupervised Keyphrase Extraction

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations (AIAI 2021)

Abstract

Keyphrase extraction is a fundamental task in information management, which is often used as a preliminary step in various information retrieval and natural language processing tasks. The main contribution of this paper lies in providing a comparative assessment of prominent multilingual unsupervised keyphrase extraction methods that build on statistical (RAKE, YAKE), graph-based (TextRank, SingleRank) and deep learning (KeyBERT) methods. For the experimentations reported in this paper, we employ well-known datasets designed for keyphrase extraction from five different natural languages (English, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Polish). We use the F1 score and a partial match evaluation framework, aiming to investigate whether the number of terms of the documents and the language of each dataset affect the accuracy of the selected methods. Our experimental results reveal a set of insights about the suitability of the selected methods in texts of different sizes, as well as the performance of these methods in datasets of different languages.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aquino, G.O., Lanzarini, L.C.: Keyword identification in Spanish documents using neural networks. J. Comput. Sci. Technol. 15(2), 55–60 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennani-Smires, K., Musat, C., Hossmann, A., Baeriswyl, M., Jaggi, M.: Simple unsupervised keyphrase extraction using sentence embeddings. In: Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, pp. 221–229. Association for Computational Linguistics, Brussels (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Boudin, F.: pke: an open source python-based keyphrase extraction toolkit. In: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations, pp. 69–73. The COLING 2016 Organizing Committee, Osaka (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bougouin, A., Boudin, F., Daille, B.: TopicRank: graph-based topic ranking for keyphrase extraction. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, pp. 543–551. Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing, Nagoya (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Campos, R., Mangaravite, V., Pasquali, A., Jorge, A., Nunes, C., Jatowt, A.: YAKE! Keyword extraction from single documents using multiple local features. Inf. Sci. 509, 257–289 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devlin, J., Chang, M. W., Lee, K., Toutanova, Κ.: BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In: Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, vol. 1 (Long and Short Papers), pp. 4171–4186 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Grootendorst, M.: KeyBERT: minimal keyword extraction with BERT, v0.1.3. Zenodo (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasan, K., Ng, V.: Conundrums in unsupervised keyphrase extraction: making sense of the state-of-the-art. In: Coling 2010: Posters, pp. 365–373. Coling 2010 Organizing Committee, Beijing (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hulth, A.: Improved automatic keyword extraction given more linguistic knowledge. In: Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 216–223. Association for Computational Linguistics (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahata, D., Kuriakose, J., Shah, R. R., Zimmermann, R.: Key2Vec: automatic ranked keyphrase extraction from scientific articles using phrase embeddings. In: Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, vol. 2 (Short Papers), pp. 634–639. Association for Computational Linguistics, New Orleans (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Marujo, L., Gershman, A., Carbonell, J., Frederking, R., Neto, J. P.: Supervised topical key phrase extraction of news stories using crowdsourcing, light filtering and co-reference normalization. In: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2012), pp. 399–403. European Language Resources Association (ELRA), Istanbul (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mihalcea, R., Tarau, P., TextRank: bringing order into texts. In: Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 404–411. Association for Computational Linguistics, Barcelona (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Papagiannopoulou, E., Tsoumakas, G.: Local word vectors guiding keyphrase extraction. Inf. Process. Manage. 54(6), 888–902 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papagiannopoulou, E., Tsoumakas, G.: A review of keyphrase extraction. Wires Data Min. Knowl. Disc. 10(2), e1339 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Reimers, N., Gurevych, I.: Sentence-BERT: sentence embeddings using siamese BERT-networks. In: Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, pp. 3982–3992. Association for Computational Linguistics (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, S., Engel, D., Cramer, N., Cowley, W.: Automatic keyword extraction from individual documents. In: Berry, M.W., Kogan, J. (eds.) Text Mining: Applications and Theory. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rousseau, F., Vazirgiannis, M.: Main core retention on graph-of-words for single-document keyword extraction. In: Hanbury, A., Kazai, G., Rauber, A., Fuhr, N. (eds.) Advances in Information Retrieval. LNCS, vol. 9022, pp. 382–393. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16354-3_42

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sanh, V., Debut, L., Chaumond, J., Wolf, T.: DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter. In: Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Energy Efficient Machine Learning and Cognitive Computing (NeurIPS) (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Y., et al.: Multilingual universal sentence encoder for semantic retrieval. In: Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations, pp. 87–94. Association for Computational Linguistics (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wan, X., Xiao, J.: CollabRank: towards a collaborative approach to single-document keyphrase extraction. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling), pp. 969–976. Coling 2008 Organizing Committee, Manchester (2008a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wan, X., Xiao, J.: Single document keyphrase extraction using neighborhood knowledge. In: Proceedings of the 23rd National Conference on Artificial intelligence (AAAI), pp. 855–860, Chicago, Illinois, USA (2008b)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The work presented in this paper is supported by the inPOINT project (https://inpoint-project.eu/), which is co-financed by the European Union and Greek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, under the call RESEARCH – CREATE – INNOVATE (Project id: T2EDK- 04389).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Nikolaos Giarelis or Nikos Kanakaris .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Giarelis, N., Kanakaris, N., Karacapilidis, N. (2021). A Comparative Assessment of State-Of-The-Art Methods for Multilingual Unsupervised Keyphrase Extraction. In: Maglogiannis, I., Macintyre, J., Iliadis, L. (eds) Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations. AIAI 2021. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol 627. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79150-6_50

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79150-6_50

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-79149-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-79150-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics