Abstract
This chapter covers etiology, types and management of nonunion. Management options for tibial bone loss are also described.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Further Reading
Bosse MJ, MacKenzie EJ, Kellam JF, et al. A prospective evaluation of the clinical utility of the lower-extremity injury-severity scores. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83-A:3–14.
Court-Brown CM, Christie J, McQueen MM. Closed intramedullary tibial nailing. Its use in closed and type I open fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1990;72:605–11.
Friedlaender GE, Perry CR, Cole JD, et al. Osteogenic protein-1 (bone morphogenetic protein-7) in the treatment of tibial nonunions. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83-A(Suppl. 1):S151–8.
Goldstein C, Sprague S, Petrisor BA. Electrical stimulation for fracture healing. Current evidence. J Orthop Trauma. 2010;24(Suppl 1):S62–5.
Govender S, Csimma C, Genant HK, et al. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 for treatment of open tibial fractures: a prospective, controlled, randomized study of four hundred and fifty patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84-A:2123–34.
Griffin XL, Smith N, Parsons N, Costa ML. Ultrasound and shockwave treatment for acute fractures in adults. Cochrance Database Syst Rev. 2012;2:CD008579.
Investigators SPERINPTF. Randomized trial of reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90:2567.
Keating JF, Simpson AHRW, Robinson CM. The management of fractures with bone loss. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87B:142–50.
MacKenzie EJ, Bosse MJ, Kellam JF, et al. Factors influencing the decision to amputate or reconstruct after high-energy lower extremity trauma. J Trauma. 2002;52:641–9.
Mitchell SE, Keating JF, Robinson CM. The treatment of open femoral fractures with bone loss. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2010;92(12):1678–84.
Mora R, Paley D. Nonunion of the long bones: diagnosis and treatment with compression distraction techniques. Cham: Springer; 2006.
Paley D. Treatment of tibial nonunion and bone loss with the Ilizarov technique. Instr Course Lect. 1990;39:185–97.
Sharrard WJ. A double-blind trial of pulsed electromagnetic fields for delayed union tibial fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1990;72:347–55.
Templeman D, Thomas M, Varecka T, Kyle R. Exchange reamed intramedullary nailing for delayed union and nonunion of the tibia. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1995;315:169–75.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Agarwal, S. (2022). Non-Union. In: Agarwal, S. (eds) Current Orthopaedic Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78529-1_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78529-1_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-78528-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-78529-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)