Skip to main content

Integration of Automated Essay Scoring Models Using Item Response Theory

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2021)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 12749))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Automated essay scoring (AES) is the task of automatically grading essays without human raters. Many AES models offering different benefits have been proposed over the past few decades. This study proposes a new framework for integrating AES models that uses item response theory (IRT). Specifically, the proposed framework uses IRT to average prediction scores from various AES models while considering the characteristics of each model for evaluation of examinee ability. This study demonstrates that the proposed framework provides higher accuracy than individual AES models and simple averaging methods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.kaggle.com/c/asap-aes.

References

  1. Alikaniotis, D., Yannakoudakis, H., Rei, M.: Automatic text scoring using neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 715–725 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Dasgupta, T., Naskar, A., Dey, L., Saha, R.: Augmenting textual qualitative features in deep convolution recurrent neural network for automatic essay scoring. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Natural Language Processing Techniques for Educational Applications, pp. 93–102 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Eckes, T.: Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement. Peter Lang, Bern (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Farag, Y., Yannakoudakis, H., Briscoe, T.: Neural automated essay scoring and coherence modeling for adversarially crafted input. In: Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers), pp. 263–271 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Hussein, M.A., Hassan, H.A., Nassef, M.: Automated language essay scoring systems: a literature review. PeerJ Comput. Sci. 5 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Jin, C., He, B., Hui, K., Sun, L.: TDNN: a two-stage deep neural network for prompt-independent automated essay scoring. In: Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 1088–1097 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ke, Z., Ng, V.: Automated essay scoring: a survey of the state of the art. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI-19, pp. 6300–6308 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Linacre, J.M.: Many-Facet Rasch Measurement. MESA Press, Chicago (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Liu, J., Xu, Y., Zhu, Y.: Automated Essay Scoring based on Two-Stage Learning. arXiv e-prints arXiv:1901.07744, January 2019

  10. Lord, F.M.: Applications of Item Response Theory to Practical Testing Problems. Routledge, Abingdon-on-Thames (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Myford, C.M., Wolfe, E.W.: Detecting and measuring rater effects using many-facet Rasch measurement: part I. J. Appl. Measur. 4(4), 386–422 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Phandi, P., Chai, K.M.A., Ng, H.T.: Flexible domain adaptation for automated essay scoring using correlated linear regression. In: Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 431–439 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Taghipour, K., Ng, H.T.: A neural approach to automated essay scoring. In: Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 1882–1891 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Tay, Y., Phan, M., Luu, A.T., Hui, S.C.: SkipFlow: incorporating neural coherence features for end-to-end automatic text scoring. In: Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 5948–5955 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ueno, M., Okamoto, T.: Item response theory for peer assessment. In: 2008 Eighth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, pp. 554–558 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2008.118

  16. Uto, M., Okano, M.: Robust neural automated essay scoring using item response theory. In: Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 549–561 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Uto, M., Ueno, M.: Item response theory for peer assessment. IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol. 9(2), 157–170 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Uto, M., Ueno, M.: Item response theory without restriction of equal interval scale for rater’s score. In: Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 363–368 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Uto, M., Ueno, M.: A generalized many-facet Rasch model and its Bayesian estimation using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. Behaviormetrika 47, 469–496 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Uto, M., Xie, Y., Ueno, M.: Neural automated essay scoring incorporating handcrafted features. In: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pp. 6077–6088 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Wang, Y., Wei, Z., Zhou, Y., Huang, X.: Automatic essay scoring incorporating rating schema via reinforcement learning. In: Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 791–797 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Itsuki Aomi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Aomi, I., Tsutsumi, E., Uto, M., Ueno, M. (2021). Integration of Automated Essay Scoring Models Using Item Response Theory. In: Roll, I., McNamara, D., Sosnovsky, S., Luckin, R., Dimitrova, V. (eds) Artificial Intelligence in Education. AIED 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12749. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78270-2_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78270-2_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-78269-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-78270-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics