Abstract
Any work on stress and poverty after the year 2020 will have a hard time ignoring the pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. A crisis is revealing—it unmasks the vulnerability of a society. Stress is also revealing—it is a reflection of the interplay of internal and external factors and an indicator of environmental dynamics. A crisis should trigger warning systems and appropriate responses to external pressures such as stress. Members of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology have “emphasized that distress and anxiety are normal reactions to a situation as threatening and unpredictable as the coronavirus pandemic” (Vinkers et al., Eur Neuropsychophar 35:12–16, 2020). Stress is a sign of adaptation, but different bodies or systems are prepared differently for coping with stress. Thus, a crisis is a “stress test” for individuals, but also for the social and political system and for the resilience of the infrastructure.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Glossary terms are bolded at first mention in each chapter.
- 2.
There are many studies on this issue, we will mention just one from Africa: Muntingh (2020).
References
APA (2020) Coronavirus pandemic is a significant source of stress. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2020/11/coronavirus-pandemic-stress. Accessed 11 Jan 2021
Arslan G, Yıldırım M, Tanhan A, Buluş M, Allen K-A (2020) Coronavirus stress, optimism-pessimism, psychological inflexibility, and psychological health: psychometric properties of the coronavirus stress measure. Int J Ment Heal Addict 4:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00337-6
Diwakar V (2020) From pandemics to poverty. Hotspots of vulnerability in times of crisis. London: ODI. https://www.odi.org/publications/16831-pandemics-poverty-hotspots-vulnerability-times-crisis. Accessed 11 Jan 2021
Farmer P, Almazor CP, Bahnsen ET, Barry D, Bazile D, Bloom BR, Bose N, Brewer T, Calderwood SB, Clemens JD, Cravioto A, Eustache E, Jérôme G, Gupta N, Harris JB, Hiatt HH, Holstein C, Hotez PJ, Ivers LC, Kerry VB, Koenig SP, LaRocque RC, Léandre F, Lambert W, Lyon E, Mekalanos JJ, Mukherjee JS, Oswald C, Pape J-W, Prosper AG, Rabinovich R, Raymonville M, Réjouit J-R, Ronan LJ, Rosenberg ML, Ryan ET, Sachs JD, Sack DA, Surena C, Suri AA, Ternier R, Waldor MK, Walton D, Weigel JL (2011) Meeting Cholera’s challenge to Haiti and the world: a joint statement on cholera prevention and care. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5(5):e1145. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001145
Gabrielli J, Lund E (2020) Acute-on-chronic stress in the time of COVID-19: assessment considerations for vulnerable youth populations. Pediatr Res 88:829–883. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-1039-7
Gabrielli J, Gill M, Koester LS, Borntrager C (2014) Psychological perspectives on ‘acute on chronic’ trauma in children: implications of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. Child Soc 28:438–450. https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12010
Ingram Fogel C (1993) Hard T: the stressful nature of incarceration for women. Issues Ment Health Nurs 14(4):367–377
Jenco M (2020) Study: COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated hardships for low-income, minority families. https://www.aappublications.org/news/2020/06/03/covid19hardships060320. Accessed 11 Jan 2021
Lee AM, Wong JGWS, McAlonan GM, Cheung V, Cheung C, Sham PC, Chu C-M, Wong P-C, Tsang KWT, Chua SE (2007) Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. Can J Psychiatry 52(4):233–240
Menon M, Kohli K (2020) During a lockdown, why is the mining industry considered ‘Essential’? https://thewire.in/political-economy/lockdown-mining-steel-essential-regulatory-oversight. Accessed 11 Jan 2021
Muntingh LM (2020) Africa, prisons and COVID-19. J Hum Rights Pract 12:284–292. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huaa031
O’Shaughnessy B (2020) Slaughterhouse 2.0. Notre dame historian applies research to another hot-button chapter https://www.nd.edu/stories/slaughterhouse-two-point-zero/. Accessed 11 Jan 2021
Oka R (2020) What refugees can teach us about living in crisis https://keough.nd.edu/what-refugees-can-teach-us-about-living-in-crisis/. Accessed 11 Jan 2021
Oka R, Gengo R (2020a) Desk review on resilience building and self-sufficiency among refugees and host communities in CRRF countries. USAID Research Technical Assistance Center, Washington, DC
Oka R, Gengo R (2020b) The political economy of refugee-host integration in Kenya. A comparative case study of barriers to self-sufficiency and resilience in the northern Kenya counties of Turkana and Garissa. USAID Research Technical Assistance Center, Washington, DC
Patel M, Raphael JL (2020) Acute-on-chronic stress in the time of COVID-19: assessment considerations for vulnerable youth populations. Pediatr Res 88:827–828. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-01166-y
Patel JA, Nielsen FBH, Badiani AA, Assi S, Unadkat VA, Patel B, Ravindrane R, Wardle H (2020) Poverty, inequality and COVID-19: the forgotten vulnerable. Letter to the editor. Public Health 183:110–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.006
Pfeil M (2020) The preferential option for the poor and COVID-19. In: Garvey E, Graff D, Gustine A, Hebbeler M, Johnson O’Brien F, Marley Bonnichsen M, Pfeil M, Purcell B, Sedmak C, Watts N, Wilson B (eds) COVID-19 and Catholic social tradition: Reading the signs of the new times. CSC occasional paper series 1/2020. University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, pp 5–8
Rigney D (2010) The Matthew effect: how advantage begets further advantage. Columbia University Press, New York
Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rasoulpoor S, Mohammadi M, Rasoulpoor S, Khaledi-Paveh B (2020) Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Glob Health 16(57):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w
Saunders L (2020) How coronavirus stress may scramble our brains. Imaging studies show we should give ourselves a break. https://www.sciencenews.org/article/coronavirus-covid19-stress-brain. Accessed 11 Jan 2021
Sedmak C (2013) Innerlichkeit und Kraft. Studie in epistemischer Resilienz. Herder, Freiburg/Br
Skowroński BL, Talik E (2018) Coping with stress and the sense of quality of life in inmates of correctional facilities. Psychiatr Pol 52(3):525–542. https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/77901
Spinelli M, Lionetti F, Pastore M, Fasolo M (2020) Parents’ stress and Children’s psychological problems in families facing the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Front Psychol 11:1713. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01713
Vinkers CH, van Amelsvoort T, Bisson JI, Branchi I, Cryan JF, Domschke K, Howes OD, Manchia M, Pinto L, de Quervain D, Schmidt MV, van der Wee NJA (2020) Stress resilience during the coronavirus pandemic. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 35:12–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.05.003
Wasserman JA (2014) Stress among the homeless. In: Cockerham WC, Dingwall R, Quah S (eds) Encyclopedia of health, illness, behavior, and society. Wiley-Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118410868.wbehibs327
Wenham C, Smith J, Morgan R (2020) COVID-19: the gendered impacts of the outbreak. The Lancet 395(10227):846–848. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30526-2
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Breitenbach, M., Kapferer, E., Sedmak, C. (2021). Epilogue: The Pandemic as a Big Reveal: Coronavirus, Stress, and Poverty. In: Stress and Poverty. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77738-8_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77738-8_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-77737-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-77738-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)