Abstract
Impacts from analysis and lateral boundary updates as well as the assimilation of observations are investigated using the forecast sensitivty to observation impact framework in a limited-area atmospheric model. High temporal frequency estimates of forecast error are produced using aircraft observations for validation. Using these estimates, forecast error reduction between background and analysis trajectories is shown to decrease through the first 24 h of forecast time. The increasing importance of lateral boundary updates in decreasing forecast error with forecast lead time is presented. However, the ability of the adjoint forecast model to attribute forecast error reduction to analysis and lateral boundary updates decreases as forecast length increases. The relative distributions of the largest observation impacts for different lead times are similar. This means that impacts for shorter forecast lengths are a good proxy for impacts on longer forecasts, thereby mitigating some of the problems in long adjoint model integrations. Finally, a metric that measures forecast error against radiosondes is introduced and produces different distributions of observation impact importance.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
COAMPS® is a registered trademark of NRL.
References
Amerault C, Sasheygi K, Pauley P, Doyle J (2013) Quantifying observation impact for a limited area atmospheric forecast model. In: Park S, Xu L (eds) Data assimilation for atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic applications, vol II. Springer, pp 125–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35088-7_6
Amerault C, Zou X, Doyle J (2008) Tests of an adjoint mesoscale model with explicit moist physics on the cloud scale. Mon. Wea. Rev. 136:2120–2132. https://doi.org/10.1175/2007MWR2259.1
Baker N, Daley R (2000) Observation and background adjoint sensitivity in the adaptive observation-targeting problem. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 126:1431–1454
Cardinali C (2009) Monitoring the observation impact on the short-range forecast. Q J R Meteorol Soc 135:239–250
Daley R, Barker E (2001) NAVDAS: Formulation and diagnostics. Mon Wea Rev 129:869–883. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0869:NFAD>2.0.CO;2(2001)129<0869:NFAD>2.0.CO;2
Gelaro, R., Zhu, Y.: Examination of observation impacts derived from observing system experiments (OSEs) and adjoint models. Tellus 61A, 179–193 (2009)
Hodur R (1997) The Naval Research Laboratory’s coupled ocean/atmosphere mesoscale prediction system (COAMPS). Mon Wea Rev 125:1414–1430. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<1414:TNRLSC>2.0.CO;2
Hogan T, Liu M, Ridout J, Peng M, Whitcomb T, Ruston B, Reynolds C, Eckermann S, Moskaitis J, Baker N, McCormack J, Viner K, McLay J, Flatau M, Xu L, Chen C, Chang S (2014) The Navy Global Environmental Model. Oceanography 27:116–125. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2014.73
Jung BJ, Kim HM, Auligne T, Zhang X, Zhang X, Huang XY (2013) Adjoint-derived observation impact using wrf in the western north pacific. Mon Wea Rev 141(11):4080–4097. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00197.1
Langland R (2005) Observation impact during the North Atlantic TReC-2003. Mon. Wea. Rev. 133:2297–2309
Langland, R., Baker, N.: Estimation of observation impact using the NRL atmospheric variational data assimilation system. Tellus 56A, 189–201 (2004)
Zhang X, Wang H, Huang XY, Gao F, Jacobs N (2015) Using adjoint-based forecast sensitivity method to evaluate tamdar data impacts on regional forecasts. Advances in Meteorology 2015:13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/427616
Acknowledgements
Computational resources from the Department of Defense’s High Performance Computing Modernization Program were vital to this work. I also thank an anonymous reviewer who provided valuable comments and suggestions to improve this chapter.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Amerault, C. (2022). Analysis, Lateral Boundary, and Observation Impacts in a Limited Area Model. In: Park, S.K., Xu, L. (eds) Data Assimilation for Atmospheric, Oceanic and Hydrologic Applications (Vol. IV). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77722-7_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77722-7_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-77721-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-77722-7
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)