Abstract
Afterwar. War’s ending and the effects of trauma. Criticism by E. Fred Carlisle, Martin T. Buinicke, Paul Fussell, Steven Trout, Philip Beidler, M. Wynn Thomas, and Jerome Loving. Poems discussed “The Return of the Heroes,” “Long, Too Long America,” “As Toilsome I Wander’d Virginia’s Woods,” “Dirge for Two Veterans,” “Old War Dreams,” “Camps of Green,” “My Legacy,” and others.
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Notes
- 1.
Loving, Walt Whitman, 294.
- 2.
Betsy Erkkila, Whitman the Political Poet. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989: 246.
- 3.
Loving, Walt Whitman, 291–93.
- 4.
Whitman, “Specimen Days,” Library, 707.
- 5.
Quoted by Loving, Walt Whitman, 294.
- 6.
Theodor Ropp, War in the Modern World. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1959: 162.
- 7.
Alice Fahs, Popular Literature, 96.
- 8.
Nancy Isenberg, White Trash, 135–59.
- 9.
Nancy Isenberg, White Trash, 154–61.
- 10.
Nancy Isenberg, White Trash, 183–84.
- 11.
Nancy Isenberg, White Trash, 2.
- 12.
Nancy Isenberg, White Trash, 102–9; 155–58.
- 13.
Philip Beidler, “Veterans, Trauma, Afterwar,” War and American Literature, 84.
- 14.
Isabel Wilkerson, Caste, 48.
- 15.
Ibid., 49–50.
- 16.
Isabel Wilkerson, Caste, 48. She adds in her description of the 1951 Cicero, Illinois, race riots—including some 4000 Italian and Polish immigrants—to protest a black family’s moving into the Chicago suburb: “Hostility toward the lowest caste became part of the initiation rite into citizenship in America” (50).
- 17.
Isabel Wilkerson, Caste, 70, 180.
- 18.
Nancy Isenberg, White Trash, 159–66.
- 19.
Aife Murray, Maid as Muse: How Servants Changed Emily Dickinson’s Life and Language. Durham: University of New Hampshire Press, 2009: 53.
- 20.
Whitman, “Ah Poverties, Wincings, and Sulky Retreats,” Library, 589.
- 21.
Whitman, “Ashes of Soldiers,” Library, 598–600.
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Wagner-Martin, L. (2021). The Wages of Class. In: Walt Whitman. Literary Lives. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77665-7_11
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