Skip to main content
  • 154 Accesses

Abstract

For a long time, the adipose tissue’s medical use was restricted to elementary purposes including volume reduction and volume augmentation. However, in the last decades more noble purposes emerged, above all adipose tissue’s regenerative abilities, which depend on a small cellular population called stromal vascular fraction (SVF) including mesenchymal cells. While in the past, extreme attention was paid to avoid the breakdown of weaker mature adipocytes, nowadays the use of more important mechanical forces is allowed to harvest and process the adipose tissue, because SVF is more resistant. During harvesting, it is possible to use microcannulas with a diameter less than 1 mm, and during processing, it is possible to use transfer and nanotransfer to decrease the fat cluster size. Moreover, mechanical forces destroy a large number of mature adipocytes to obtain increased SVF yield and regenerative potential.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Coleman S. Facial recontouring with lipostructure. Clin Plast Surg. 1997;24:347.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Uccelli A, de Rosbo NK. The immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells: mode of action and pathways. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015;1351:114–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12815.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Rodbell M. Metabolism of isolated fat cells. I. Effects of hormones on glucose metabolism and lipolysis. J Biol Chem. 1964;239:375–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Van Robin L, Roncari DA. Isolation of fat cell precursors from adult rat adipose tissue. Cell Tissue Res. 1977;181(2):197–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Zuk PA, Zhu M, Ashjian P, De Ugarte DA, Huang JI, Mizuno H, Alfonso ZC, Fraser JK, Benhaim P, Hedrick MH. Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. Mol Biol Cell. 2002;13(12):4279–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Trivisonno A, Di Rocco G, Cannistra C, Finocchi V, Torres Farr S, Monti M, Toietta G. Harvest of superficial layers of fat with a microcannula and isolation of adipose tissue-derived stromal and vascular cells. Aesthet Surg J. 2014;34(4):601–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090820X14528000.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Salgado AJ, Reis RL, Sousa NJ, Gimble JM. Adipose tissue derived stem cells secretome: soluble factors and their roles in regenerative medicine. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2010;5(2):103–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. El Mrakby HH, Milner RH. Bimodal distribution of the blood supply to lower abdominal fat : histological study of the microcirculation of the lower abdominal wall. Ann Plast Surg. 2003;50:165–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Sbarbati A, Accorsi D, Benati D, Marchetti L, Orsini G, Rigotti G, Panettiere P. Subcutaneous adipose tissue classification. Eur J Histochem. 2010;54(4):e48.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kalbermatten DF, Schaakxs D, Kingham PJ, Wiberg M. Neurotrophic activity of human adipose stem cells isolated from deep and superficial layers of abdominal fat. Cell Tissue Res. 2011;344:251–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Driskell RR, Jahoda CA, Chuong CM, Watt FM, Horsley V. Defining dermal adipose tissue. Exp Dermatol. 2014;23(9):629–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.12450.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Trivisonno A, Rossi A, Monti M, Di Nunno D, Desouches C, Cannistra C, Toietta G. Facial skin rejuvenation by autologous dermal microfat transfer in photoaged patients: clinical evaluation and skin surface digital profilometry analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2017;70(8):1118–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2017.04.002. Epub 2017 Apr 22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Raposio E, Ciliberti R. Clinical use of adipose-derived stem cells: European legislative issues. Ann Med Surg. 2017;24:61–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Trivisonno A, Alexander RW, Baldari S, Cohen SR, Di Rocco G, Gentile P, Magalon G, Magalon J, Miller RB, Womack H, Toietta G. Intraoperative strategies for minimal manipulation of autologous adipose tissue for cell- and tissue-based therapies: concise review. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2019;8(12):1265–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/sctm.19-0166.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Alexander RW. Understanding mechanical emulsification (Nanofat) versus enzymatic isolation of tissue stromal vascular fraction (tSVF) cells from adipose tissue: potential uses in biocellular regenerative medicine. J Prolother. 2016;8:e947–60.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Tonnard P, Verpaele A, Peeters G, et al. Nanofat grafting: basic research and clinical applications. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;132:1017–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Eto H, Kato H, Suga H, et al. The fate of adipocytes after nonvascularized fat grafting: evidence of early death and replacement of adipocytes. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;129:1081–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Trivisonno A, Rossi A, Monti M, et al. Facial skin rejuvenation by autologous dermal microfat transfer in photoaged patients: clinical evaluation and skin surface digital profilometry analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2017;70:1118–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Trivisonno, A. (2022). Stem Cell Research, Concepts, and Emerging Technologies. In: Kalaaji, A. (eds) Plastic and Aesthetic Regenerative Surgery and Fat Grafting. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77455-4_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77455-4_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-77454-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-77455-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics