Abstract
In the years prior to his ordination, John Donne was envisioning a State Church that he later sought to preach into being from the pulpit of St Paul’s. This chapter examines specific rhetorical deployments of language used by Donne in his sermons and earlier polemic Ignatius His Conclave (1611), as well as by the English Jesuits in Elizabethan and Jacobean England. Based on his treatment of lunatic satire and the doctrine of equivocation, it argues that Donne was not a simple monarchist, nor an obsequious flatterer of the king. He was not afraid, in his sermons, to bring his sovereign under the fear of God, though he had to be diplomatic about it; he put his trust in a stable commonwealth with a righteous prince, accountable to God, and a reformed but Catholic church—a church, that is, founded on the apostles and the Fathers—answerable to God and the prince.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Primary Sources
Alfield, Thomas, A True Reporte of the Death and Martyrdome of M. Campion Jesuite and Preiste, & M. Sherwin, & M. Bryan Preistes, at Tiborne the First of December 1581, Observid and Written by a Catholike Preist, Which was Present Therat; Whereunto is Annexid Certayne Verses Made by Sundry Persons (London, 1582).
Bellarmine, Robert, Matthæi Torti […] Responsio ad librum inscriptum, Triplici nodo, triplex cuneus (St Omer, 1608).
Carleton, Dudley, Dudley Carleton to John Chamberlain, 1603–1624: Jacobean Letters, ed. by Maurice Lee (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1972).
Creswell, Joseph, Historia de la vida y martyrio que padecio en Inglaterra, esto año de 1595 P. Henrique Valpolo […] el primer martyr de los seminarios de España (Madrid, 1596).
Cydonius, Andreas Eudaemon-Joannis, Ad actionem proditoriam Edouardi Coqui, Apologia pro R. P. Henrico Garneto Anglo (Cologne, 1610).
Donne, John, Conclave Ignati: sive eius in nuperis inferni comitiis inthronisatio: Ubi varia de Iesuitarum indole, de novo inferno creando, de ecclesia lunatica instituenda, per satyram congesta sunt. Accessit et Apologia pro Iesuitis. Omnia duobus angelis adversariis, qui consistorio papali, & collegio Sorbonae praesident, dedicata (London, 1611).
———, Fifty Sermons, Preached by That Learned and Reverend Divine, John Donne: Dr in Divinity, Late Deane of the Cathedrall Church of St. Pauls London (London, 1649).
———, Ignatius His Conclave, ed. by Timothy S. Healy (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969).
———, Ignatius His Conclave: Or his Inthronisation in a Late Election in Hell: Wherein Many Things Are Mingled by Way of Satyr (London, 1611).
———, John Donne’s 1622 Gunpowder Plot Sermon: A Parallel-Text Edition, ed. by Jeanne Shami (Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press, 1996).
———, The Oxford Edition of the Sermons of John Donne, Vol. XII: Sermons Preached at St Paul’s Cathedral, 1626, ed. by Mary Ann Lund (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017).
———, Pseudo-Martyr, ed. by Anthony Raspa (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1993).
———, Pseudo-Martyr: Wherein out of Certaine Propositions and Gradations, This Conclusion is Evicted: That Those Which Are of the Romane Religion in This Kingdome, May and Ought to Take the Oath of Allegiance (London, 1610).
———, A Sermon Upon the xv. Verse of the xx. Chapter of the Booke of Judges, Wherein Occasion was Justly Taken for the Publication of Some Reasons, Which His Sacred Majestie Had Beene Pleased to Give, of those Directions for Preachers, Which he had Formerly Sent Forth. Preached at the Crosse the 15th of September (London, 1622).
———, The Sermons of John Donne, ed. by Evelyn M. Simpson and George R. Potter, 10 vols (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1953–1962).
Garnet, Henry, ‘Treatise of Equivocation’, in Recusancy and Conformity in Early Modern England, ed. by Ginevra Crosignani, Thomas M. McCoog, S. J., and Michael Questier, with the assistance of Peter Holmes (Toronto: PIMS, 2010), pp. 298–343.
Gerard, John, John Gerard: The Autobiography of an Elizabethan, trans. by Philip Caraman (London: Longmans, Green, 1956).
Howard, Philip, The Lives of Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel, and of Anne Dacres, His Wife, ed. by Henry Granville Fitzalan-Howard (London: Hurst and Blackett, 1857).
———, The Ven. Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel, 1557–1595: English Martyrs, Vol. 2, ed. by J. H. Pollen and William MacMahon, CRS 21 (London: Catholic Record Society, 1919).
James I., Triplici nodo, triplex cuneus. Sive Apologia pro iuramento fidelitatis (London, 1607, vere 1608).
———, King James His Letter and Directions to the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury; Concerning Preaching and Preachers (London: Thomas Walkeley, 1642).
Persons, Robert, The Christian Directory (1582): The First Booke of the Christian Exercise, Appertayning to Resolution, ed. by Victor Houliston (Leiden: Brill, 1998).
———, The Correspondence and Unpublished Papers of Robert Persons, S.J.: Vol. 1: 1574–1588, ed. by Victor Houliston, Ginevra Crosignani and Thomas M. McCoog, S. J. (Toronto: PIMS, 2017).
———, A Treatise Tending to Mitigation towardes Catholicke-Subiectes in England (St Omer, 1608).
Sermons at Paul’s Cross, 1521–1642, ed. by W. J. Torrance Kirby, P. G. Stanwood, Mary Morrissey and John N. King (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017).
Tesimond, Oswald, The Gunpowder Plot: The Narrative of Oswald Tesimond alias Greenway, ed. and trans. by Francis Edwards (London: The Folio Society, 1973).
A True and Perfect Relation of the Whole Proceedings Against the Late Most Barbarous Traitors […] And Lastly All That Passed at Garnets Execution (London, 1606).
Verstegan, Richard, The Letters and Despatches of Richard Verstegan (c. 1550–1640), ed. by Anthony G. Petti, CRS 52 (London: Catholic Record Society, 1959).
Visitation Articles and Injunctions of the Early Stuart Church, ed. by Kenneth Fincham, 2 vols (Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell and Brewer, 1994–1998).
Secondary Sources
Abbott-Smith, G. A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, 3rd edn (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1986).
Butler, Todd, ‘Equivocation, Cognition, and Political Authority in Early Modern England’, Texas Studies in Literature and Language, 54 (2012).
———, Literature and Political Intellection in Early Stuart England (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019).
Devlin, Christopher, The Life of Robert Southwell, Poet and Martyr (New York: Greenwood Press, 1969).
Ferrell, Lori Anne, Government by Polemic: James I, the King’s Preachers, and the Rhetorics of Conformity, 1603–1625 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998).
Hicks, Leo, ‘Father Persons, S.J., and the Seminaries in Spain’, The Month, 157 (1931), 193–204, 410–417, 497–506 and The Month, 158 (1931), 26–35, 143–152.
Höpfl, Harro, Jesuit Political Thought: The Society of Jesus and the State, c. 1540–1630 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
Houliston, Victor, ‘An Apology for Donne’s Pseudo-Martyr’, The Review of English Studies, 57 (2006), 474–486.
———, ‘The Violence of the Knowledge of God: John Donne and the Ordinance of Preaching’, Religion & Literature, 45 (2013), 33–54.
James, Anne, Poets, Players, and Preachers: Remembering the Gunpowder Plot in Seventeenth-Century England (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2016).
Jessopp, Augustus. One Generation of a Norfolk House: A Contribution to Elizabethan History, 2nd edn (London: Burns & Oates, 1879).
Korkowski, Eugene, ‘Donne’s “Ignatius” and Menippean Satire’, Studies in Philology, 72 (1975), 419–438.
McCullough, Peter E., ‘Donne as Preacher at Court: Precarious “Inthronization”’, in John Donne’s Professional Lives, ed. by David Colclough (Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell and Brewer, 2003), pp. 179–204.
———, Sermons at Court: Politics and Religion in Elizabethan and Jacobean Preaching (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
Milward, Peter. Religious Controversies of the Jacobean Age: A Survey of Printed Sources (London: Scolar Press, 1978).
Morrissey, Mary, Politics and the Paul’s Cross Sermons, 1558–1642 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011).
Patterson, W. B., King James VI and I and the Reunion of Christendom (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
Price, Michael W., ‘Recovering Donne’s Critique of the Arcana Imperii in the Problems’, Studies in Philology, 101 (2004), 332–355.
Shami, Jeanne, ‘Donne’s Anti-Catholicism’, in The English Sermon Revised: Religion, Literature and History 1600–1750, ed. by Peter McCullough and Lori Anne Ferrell (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000), pp. 136–166.
———, ‘Donne on Discretion’, ELH: A Journal of English Literary History, 47 (1980), 48–66.
———, John Donne and Conformity in Crisis in the Late Jacobean Pulpit (Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer, 2003).
Shell, Alison, ‘Multiple Conversion and the Menippean Self: The Case of Richard Carpenter’, in Catholicism and Anti-Catholicism in Early Modern English Texts, ed. by Arthur F. Marotti (Springer, 1999), 154–197.
Shuger, Debora, ‘Absolutist Theology: The Sermons of John Donne’, in The English Sermon Revised: Religion, Literature and History 1600–1750, ed. by Peter McCullough and Lori Anne Ferrell (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000), pp. 115–135.
Wall, John, and Terry Burgin, ‘“This Sermon […] Upon the Gun-Powder Day”: The Book of Homilies of 1547 and Donne’s Sermon in Commemoration of Guy Fawkes’ Day, 1622’, South Atlantic Review, 49.2 (May 1984), 19–30.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Houliston, V. (2021). Paul’s Cross and the State Church: The Case of John Donne and the Jesuits. In: Altman, S., Buckner, J. (eds) Old St Paul’s and Culture. Early Modern Literature in History. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77267-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77267-3_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-77266-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-77267-3
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)