Abstract
Google, an American multinational technology company, offers internet products, e.g., digital advertising, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware. This paper describes Google search engine and Google Ads, two of its flagship products in relationship to the role of AI employed that may produce a network effect in a two-sided market. This is discussed through the structure of the search engine market and Google’s position in this market. The digital use of AI robots is ubiquitous. This study brings about a new thinking, beyond the analogy between platform operations and city operations, notably along the dimension of private vs. public spaces since people are familiar with thinking of issues in that paradigm as the pre-internet days.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Al-Hashimi, M., Hamdan, A., Razzaque, A., Al-Sartawi, A., Reyad, S.: Skill Gaps in Management Information Systems Alumni. In: Hassanien, A.-E., Azar, A.T., Gaber, T., Oliva, D., Tolba, F.M. (eds.) AICV 2020. AISC, vol. 1153, pp. 773–782. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44289-7_72
Al-Sartawi, A.: Social media disclosure of intellectual capital and firm value. Int. J. Learn. Intell. Capital 17(4), 312–323 (2020)
Al-Sartawi, A.: Does it pay to be socially responsible? empirical evidence from the GCC countries. Int. J. Law Manage. 62(5), 381–394 (2020)
Al-Sartawi, A.: Information technology governance and cybersecurity at the board level. Int. J. Crit. Infrastruct. 16(2), 150–161 (2020)
Al-Sartawi, A.: Assessing the relationship between information transparency through social media disclosure and firm value. Manage. Account. Rev. 18(2), 1–20 (2019)
Al-Sartawi, A. (ed).:The big data-driven digital economy: artificial and computational intelligence In: Kacprzyk, J., (ed) Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 974. Springer International Publishing (2021)
Bartz, D., Paresh, D.: U.S. States Prepare Second Antitrust Lawsuit Against Google for December (2020). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tech-antitrust-google-idUSKBN2832VR
Baum, D.: Google Ads Review 2020: A Brutally Honest Pros and Cons List. Impact Plus (2020). https://www.impactplus.com/blog/google-ads-review
Baye, M.R., Prince, J.T.: Managerial Economics and Business Strategy. McGraw-Hill/Irwin (2014)
Berr, J.: Google, Facebook, Reportedly Facing Multiple Antitrust Lawsuits (2020). https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanberr/2020/11/30/google-facebook-reportedly-facing-multiple-antitrust-lawsuits
Berry, S.: 2020 Search Market Share: 5 Hard Truths About Today’s Market (2020). https://www.webfx.com/blog/seo/2019-search-market-share
Bond, S.: Google’s Response to Antitrust Accusations (2019). https://www.npr.org/2019/10/14/770133480/googles-response-to-antitrust-accusations
Burguet, R., Caminal, R., Ellen, M.: In google we trust? Int. J. Ind. Organ. 39, 44–55 (2015)
Clement, J.: Number of Full-time Alphabet Employees From 2007 to 2019 (2020). https://www.statista.com/statistics/273744/number-of-full-time-google-employees
Colander, D.: Microeconomics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education (2020)
Colt, J.: Google’s Competitive Advantage and Strategy (2020). https://toughnickel.com/industries/Googles-Competitive-Advantage-Strategy
DeFazio, A.: Google Partner Badge: The New Timeline and What Advertisers Need to Know (2020). https://www.coywolf.news/paid/google-ads-partner-badge-update
Elgin, B.: Google: Whiz Kids or Naughty Boys? (2004). https://www.webcitation.org/5hT7Hw63l?url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2004/tc20040819_6843_tc120.htm
Elias, J.: Google Employees are Complaining the Company has Changed — This Chart Shows One Reason Why (2020). https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/02/google-employee-growth-2001-through-2019.html
Finn, G.: What Google Partners Changes Mean for Agencies & Clients (2020). https://www.searchenginejournal.com/what-google-partners-changes-mean-for-agencies-clients-podcast/350014/#close
Fishkin, R.: As the Antitrust Case Against Google Kicks Off, Here’s Where the DOJ Should Start (2019). https://sparktoro.com/blog/as-the-antitrust-case-against-google-kicks-off-heres-where-the-doj-should-start
Fry, M.: Google working to reach minority-owned businesses. NJBIZ, 28(31), 8 (2015)
Ghaffary, S., Molla R.: Why the US Government is Suing Google (2020). https://www.vox.com/recode/21524710/google-antitrust-lawsuit-doj-search-trump-bill-barr
Gilbert, R.: The role of potential competition in industrial organization. J. Econ. Perspect. 3(3), 107–127 (1989). http://www.jstor.org/stable/1942764
Gregory, R.W., Henfridsson, O., Kaganer, E., Kyriakou, H.: The role of artificial intelligence and data network effects for creating user value. Acad. Manage. Rev. (2020). https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2019.0178
Gupta, M., Sikarwar, T.S.: Modelling credit risk management and bank’s profitability. Int. J. Electron. Bank. 2(2), 170–183 (2020)
Gupta, N.: Influence of demographic variables on synchronisation between customer satisfaction and retail banking channels for customers’ of public sector banks of India. Int. J. Electron. Bank. 1(3), 206–219 (2019)
Guttmann, A.: Google’s Global Brand Value From 2006 to 2020 (2020). https://www.statista.com/statistics/326046/google-brand-value
Haucap, J., Heimeshoff, U.: Google, facebook, amazon, ebay: is the internet driving competition or market monopolization? Int. Econ. Econ. Policy 11(1), 49–61 (2014)
Hagey, K., Ngo, V.: How google edged out rivals and built the world’s dominant Ad machine: a visual guide. Wall Street J. 7 (2019)
Henshaw, J.: Google Ads is Forcing Agencies to Use Its Recommendations or Risk Losing Their Google Partners Badge (2020). https://www.coywolf.news/paid/google-ads-partner-badge-controversy
Höffler, F.: Monopoly prices versus Ramsey-Boiteux prices: are they similar, and: does it matter?, Preprints of the Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, No. 2005,7, Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn (2004)
Jan, O.: Concentration Ratio (2019). https://xplaind.com/341367/concentration-ratio
Kuligowski, K.: YouTube for Business: Everything You Need to Know (2020). https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/9854-youtube-for-business.html
Li, H.: Special section introduction: artificial intelligence and advertising. J. Advert. 48(4), 333–337 (2019)
Lorne, F.: Data in Cities and Digital Platforms: Some Implications for Digital Social Contracts with AI Robots. April 15, 2019 Mimeo (2019)
Lohr, S.: What Is Happening with the Antitrust Suit Against Google? (2020). https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/20/technology/antitrust-google.html
Luchetta, G.: Is the google platform a two-sided market? J. Competition Law Econ. 10(1), 185–207 (2013)
McKinnon, J.D.: Facebook, Google to Face New Antitrust Suits in U.S (2020). https://www.wsj.com/articles/facebook-google-to-face-new-antitrust-suits-in-u-s-11606742163
Memdani, L.: Demonetisation: a move towards cashless economy in India. Int. J. Electron. Bank. 2(3), 205–211 (2020)
Moons, D.: Why I’m No Longer a Google Partner (And Why You Shouldn’t Either) (2020). https://www.storegrowers.com/google-partner/
Mroke, P.: The Google Monopoly Over Internet Search: A Visually Compelling Analysis (2020). https://www.clearboxseo.com/google-monopoly-internet-search-rand-fishkin-graph-analysis
Musleh Al-Sartawi, A.M.A.: E-learning improves accounting education: case of the higher education sector of bahrain. In: Themistocleous, M., Papadaki, M., Kamal, M.M. (eds.) EMCIS 2020. LNBIP, vol. 402, pp. 301–315. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63396-7_20
Naughton, E.: Making Progress on Diversity and Inclusion (2017). https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/diversity/making-progress-diversity-and-inclusion
Omondi, S.: What are the Four Big Tech Companies in the US? (2019). https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-are-the-big-four-tech-companies-in-the-us.html
Paul, K.: Google is Facing the Biggest Antitrust Case in a Generation. What Could Happen? (2020). https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/oct/21/google-antitrust-charges-what-is-next
Razzaque, A., Eldabi, T., Chen, W.: Quality decisions from physicians’ shared knowledge in virtual communities. Knowl. Manage. Res. Pract. 1-13 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2020.1788428
Razzaque, A., Hamdan, A.: Internet of things for learning styles and learning outcomes improve e-learning: a review of literature. In: Hassanien, A.-E., Azar, A.T., Gaber, T., Oliva, D., Tolba, F.M. (eds.) AICV 2020. AISC, vol. 1153, pp. 783–791. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44289-7_73
Razzaque, A., Hamdan, A.: Role of financial technology fintech: a survey. In: Hassanien, A.-E., Azar, A.T., Gaber, T., Oliva, D., Tolba, F.M. (eds.) AICV 2020. AISC, vol. 1153, pp. 112–117. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44289-7_11
Rochet, J.-C., Tirole, J.: Platform competition in two-sided markets. J. Euro. Econ. Assoc. 1(4), 990–1029 (2003)
Rosenberg, E.: How Google Makes Money (GOOG) (2020). https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/020515/business-google.asp
Ryan, J.: Formal GDPR Complaint Against Google’s Internal Data Free-for-all (2020). https://brave.com/google-internal-data-free-for-all
Schwartz, B.: Google Tries to Clarify New Google Partner Program Performance Requirements (2020). https://www.seroundtable.com/google-clarifies-new-partner-program-performance-requirements-29018.html
Swant, M.: The World’s Most Valuable Brands (2020). https://www.forbes.com/the-worlds-most-valuable-brands/#747736a3119c
Tucker, C., Zhang, J.: Growing two-sided networks by advertising the user base: a field experiment. Mark. Sci. 29(5), 805–814 (2010)
Webb, C.L.: Google’s IPO: Grate Expectations (2020). https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A14939-2004Aug19.html
Yu, B.T.: Potential competition and contracting in innovation. J. Law Econ. 24(2), 3 (1981)
Yurieff, K.: Google Struggles to Increase Workforce Diversity (2017). https://money.cnn.com/2017/06/29/technology/google-diversity-report/index.html
Acknowledgement
We thank Robert Donovan of DOM360 for motiving this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Yu, B.T., Ulukok, E. (2021). Google’s Use of Artificial Intelligence in a Two-Sided Advertising Market Causing Trust Loss, and Data Monopolization. In: Musleh Al-Sartawi, A.M., Razzaque, A., Kamal, M.M. (eds) Artificial Intelligence Systems and the Internet of Things in the Digital Era. EAMMIS 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 239. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77246-8_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77246-8_36
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-77245-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-77246-8
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)