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Gas Recycling

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Fundamentals and Practical Aspects of Gas Injection

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Abstract

This chapter provides a comprehensive study about gas recycling into the oil and gas reservoirs. First, the concept of gas recycling is studied. In general, gas recycling is mainly called to the re-injection of produced gas into the gas condensate reservoirs in order to maintain the reservoir pressure above the dew point pressure. But, the re-injection of produced gas into the oil and unconventional reservoirs is also called gas recycling. This chapter addresses the advantages and disadvantages of this method, gas recycling mechanisms in fractured reservoirs, the operation design and well patterns, economical aspects, studies and projects worldwide. Also, a detailed study of the re-vaporization mechanism during gas injection is investigated. In the case study, it is shown that gas recycling can significantly improve the gas and condensate production from a gas condensate reservoir.

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Abbreviations

ACS:

Average Condensate Saturation

AGS:

Average Gas Saturation

BHP:

Bottom-hole Pressure (psi)

CCE:

Constant Composition Expansion

CMG:

Computer Modeling Group

CRF:

Condensate Recovery Factor

DECE:

Designed Exploration and Controlled Evolution

DL:

Differential Liberation

GE:

Gas Equivalent

GRF:

Gas Recovery Factor

QC:

Quality Check

A:

Cross sectional area, ft2

B:

Formation Volume Factor, reservoir conditions/standard conditions

C:

Condensate Volume, STB

Cf:

Formation Compressibility, 1/psi

Cg:

Bulk gas phase concentration, mol/m3

Cge:

Equilibrium concentration of the liquid condensate in the gas phase, mol/m3

Cw:

Water Compressibility, 1/psi

D:

Dispersion tensor

Dh:

Hydrodynamic Dispersion, m2/s

G:

Gas Volume, scf

g:

Gravity acceleration, ft2/s

H:

Depth, ft

K0:

Lumped mass transfer coefficient

k:

Permeability, md

krg:

Gas relative permeability

kro:

Oil relative permeability

m:

Ratio of initial gas cap volume to initial oil volume

Mm*:

Sink/source term representing production/injection of m component, lbmol/d

Mw:

Molecular Weight, g/gmol

n:

Number of Moles

N:

Oil Volume, STB

P:

Pressure, psi

q:

Oil rate, STB/day

R:

Gas-oil Ratio, scf/STB

Rcnst:

Ideal Gas Constant, ft3.psi/lbmol.R

S:

Saturation

T:

Temperature, °F

u:

Interstitial Velocity, m/s

V:

Darcy Velocity

W:

Water Volume, bbl

x:

Mole fraction

xm:

Molar fraction of the m-th component in the condensate phase

ym:

Molar fraction of the m-th component in the gas phase

α :

Ratio of the volume of produced gas to the volume of injected gas

β :

Ratio of the volume of recycled gas to the summation of the exited gas from each separator

ϕ :

Porosity

γ :

Specific Gravity

ρ :

Density

μ i :

Chemical potential

μ :

Viscosity

b:

Bubble

c:

Condensate

co:

Component

e:

Influx

fs:

First Separator

g:

Gas

i:

Initial

inj:

Injected

l:

Liquid

o:

Oil

p:

Produced

ph:

Phase

recycled:

Recycling Operation

s:

Solution

sc:

Standard Condition

ss:

Second Separator

st:

Stock Tank

t:

Total

w:

Water

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum, Gas and Petrochemical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

    Reza Azin

  2. Oil and Gas Research Center, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

    Amin Izadpanahi

  3. Department of Process Engineering, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada

    Mohamad Mohamadi-Baghmolaei

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  1. Reza Azin
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  2. Amin Izadpanahi
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  3. Mohamad Mohamadi-Baghmolaei
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Correspondence to Reza Azin .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Petroleum Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

    Reza Azin

  2. Researcher, Oil and Gas Research Center, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

    Amin Izadpanahi

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Azin, R., Izadpanahi, A., Mohamadi-Baghmolaei, M. (2022). Gas Recycling. In: Azin, R., Izadpanahi, A. (eds) Fundamentals and Practical Aspects of Gas Injection. Petroleum Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77200-0_6

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